Lietuvos valstybės skolos valdymo politika

LTŠalies skolinimasis yra socialinės ekonominės politikos įrankis. Vyriausybė, valdydama skolą, prisiimdama įsipareigojimus, gali remti tam tikras ūkio šakas arba socialines grupes ir taip siekti savo politinės programos tikslų. Ir vis dėlto, Lietuvos valstybės skolinimosi mastas kelia grėsmę šalies finansiniam stabilumui. Nepalankūs šalies valstybės finansų rodikliai, auganti valstybės skola (ypač užsienio), didėjantis prekybos deficitas ir kt. rodo, kad neplėtojama finansų sistema stabdo ekonomikos vystymąsi. Straipsnyje siekiama išanalizuoti teisinę Lietuvos valstybės skolos bazę ir nustatyti skolos valdymo efektyvumą.

ENState borrowing is an instrument of social economy policy. The government can support certain branches of economy or social groups and thereby to reach the goals of its political programmed by controlling the debt and by assuming indirect/implied obligations. However, the extent of Lithuanian state borrowing jeopardizes the financial stability of the country. Unfavorable financial indicators, growing national debt (especially foreign debt), growing trade deficit etc. show that the economy development is impeded by underdeveloped financial system. The article aims at the analysis of legal basis for Lithuanian state debt and determination of the debt control effectiveness. The article analyses a scientific problem - a possibility to improve the policy of Lithuanian national debt control. The object of the article - to reveal the trends in the policy of Lithuanian national debt control. The object of the research - the policy of the national debt control. The research methods - the article has been prepared by using observation, analogy, analytical method as well as the method of systematic scientific literature analysis. Even up till 1996 the Law of National Debt was not enacted and the country did not have any proper debt control policy. The Law of National Debt of the Republic of Lithuania dated September 13, 1996 enforces the legal regulation of state borrowing in Lithuania. However, the first loans were provided to Lithuania aüer the restoration of its independence already in 1991. Thus the state borrowing was not legally regulated and the accounting regulations for loan assets were not approved for 5 years.The article presents specific solution ways for problems, which resulted from overdue Law of National Debt, absence of special methodology in the national debt accounting. In order to restrict the state borrowing extent in the country without a real economical growth prognosis the budget deficit should be refused. Therefore it is necessary to review and determine the basis for the state expenses. To refuse or minimize the fiscal budget deficit of Lithuania the following recommendations could be observed: -To modernize as soon as possible the control of all economic system and taxation. -Education and social care are least influenced by the market changes and still remains the least reorganized parts of the state economy that impedes the economy development. Therefore the expenses to decrease policy should by apply with reserve in these spheres. -To consolidate the non-budget funds, which could significantly decrease their administration, costs. -To organize a more effective system for financial control. -To stimulate the development of a local financial system which is in close relation with the inner borrowing mechanism.