Lietuvos įmonių persiorientavimas iš socialistinės rinkos sistemos į laisvos rinkos sistemą
LTStraipsnyje aprašomi tyrimo apie įmonių vykdytus pasikeitimus, persiorientuojant iš socialistinės rinkos į laisvosios rinkos sistemą rezultatai. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, jog Lietuvos įmonės ne pasyviai dirba rinkos sąlygomis, bet keičiasi ir bando persiorientuoti. Įmonės vadovai praktiškai visą savo veiklą pakeitė, ir tai darė siekdami efektyviau dirbti rinkos sąlygomis. Tyrimo rezultatai leidžia teigti, jog dažni priekaištai, kad Lietuvos įmonės nesiorientuoja į besikeičiančios rinkos reikalavimus, yra nepagrįsti. Vykdomus pakeitimus labiausiai nulėmė finansinės priežastys ir laisvosios rinkos sąlygos. Atsižvelgiant į apklausos rezultatus, verta pabrėžti, jog įmonių vadovai stengiasi priimti sprendimus, remdamiesi objektyviais kriterijais. Todėl galima teigti, jog dauguma įmonių vadovų supranta pagrindinius laisvosios rinkos reikalavimus. Tokios įmonės ypač tinka verslo partneriams, nes jos taip pat gerai supranta ir Rytų rinką, kurią laisvosios rinkos sistema palietė mažiau. Deja galima teigti, jog atsižvelgus į laisvosios rinkos reikalavimus, dar nemaža pakeitimų neįgyvendinta, pvz. kokybės užtikrinimo sistemų diegimas ir marketingo funkcijų diegimas bei plėtra. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad prieš dešimt metų tik gamybinės įmones rūpinosi kokybės užtikrinimo sistemomis, o dabar tai turi rūpėti visoms įmonėms.
ENThis study successfully captured a set of firms that reflect the industrial and geographic variety of firms in Lithuania. The results show, that firms implemented many changes with the goal of working more effectively within a free market setting. Lithuanian firms do not appear to be passive players in a free market. Rather, they are changing their operations with the goal of working better. Firm managers have changed most to all of their operations as compared to the Soviet period with the goal of working more effectively in a free market environment. Based on the results, we do not see the often mentioned criticism that Lithuanian firms did not reorient their activities to meet the requirements of the market. Old and new firms in Lithuania do not differ much with regard to their orientation towards a free market. It may be the case that by 1999 (when the study began), those firms that had not adjusted their activities had already gone bankrupt and did not exist. In implementing the changes, firms relied primarily on financial and free market criteria. Throughout the answers, such as reasons for undertaking change or criteria for selecting assistance, there is a common stream of thinking that firm managers undertook decisions with the goal of making their firm work in accordance to free market principles. Firm managers try to make decisions based on objective criteria. Those managers, based on their actions, show that they understand the fundamental requirements of a free market.Such firms are especially attractive to business partners because Lithuanian companies understand both developed market principles and the eastern (former Soviet Union) market, which has made less progress in developing free-market systems. To fully function according to a free market, there are still a series of changes that need to be made. These include implementing changes to quality assurance systems and creation and expansion of marketing functions. If 10 years ago only production and manufacturing firms primarily worried about quality assurance, it is now and issue that impacts all firms. Firms need to better analyze whether assistance from other firms can be useful. Without a doubt, Lithuanian firms have a good cadre of specialists. However, a time comes when issues and changes come up that cannot be solved solely with in-house experts. The best example for this is that firms have not used outside assistance for implementing changes to wage and compensation systems. It is hard to believe that the rich experience of companies outside of Lithuania cannot be utilized by Lithuanian firms. Now that firms have changed and improved their product and service lines, started to advertise, and purchased new equipment, they should next put in additional effort to address human resource issues. That will allow them to achieve their desired results because the best companies are those that can integrate all their systems - technology, management, and employees.
