Dėl lalavimo dainomis sveikinamų merginų amžiaus

LTPietų ir pietryčių Lietuvoje paplitusios merginoms skirtos lalavimo dainos – negausi, bet savita liaudies kūrybos dalis, sudaranti atskirą teminę lalavimo dainų grupą, kurių savitumą lemia atlikimo laikas ir adresatas: Velykų naktį jos dainuojamos netekėjusioms merginoms. Temą šiam trumpam tyrimui „pasiūlė“ prie lalavimo dainų pateiktos, atrodytų, nereikšmingos pastabos apie lalaujant sveikinamų merginų amžių. Tautosakos bei etnografijos šaltiniuose pateiktos nuorodos, kad lalavimo dainos dainuojamos jaunoms merginoms, yra visiškai neinformatyvios norint apibrėžti sveikinamųjų amžių. Taigi straipsnio objektas – su lalavimo papročiu ir tautosaka susiję duomenys; tikslas – derinant tautosakinę ir etnografinę medžiagą išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti, ar, pradėjus netikėti ūkinių ar vedybinių linkėjimų, išsakomų lankant kiemus, reikšmingumu, sakralias papročio prasmes keičiant pramoginėms, keitėsi lalavimo tautosakos adresatas ir ar tie pokyčiai atsispindi teksto lygmenyje. Norint išsamiau aptarti šią problemą, pasitelkiamos analogiškos baltarusių bei lenkų tautosakos ir etnografijos paralelės, juoba kad lalavimo paprotys ir jį lydėjusi tautosaka, lokalizuojami tam tikrose lietuvių, baltarusių, lenkų etninėse teritorijose, sudaro faktiškai vieną geografinę erdvę ir įvardytini kaip bendro kompaktiško baltų–slavų arealo kultūros reiškinys. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Amžiaus tarpsnis; Dainos; Lalavimas; Lalavimo dainos; Lietuvių folkloras; Mergina; Velykos; Age-group; Easter; Girl; Lalavimas; Lalavimas songs; Lithuanian folklore; Songs.

ENThe object of the article consists of data concerning the custom and folklore of "lalavimas", i. e. ritual visiting of households during Easter. By using both folklore and related ethnographic material, the author aims to show the process of how, along with weakening faith in significance of the magical good wishes, expressed by traditional households visiting, and the sacral meaning of this custom being replaced by entertainment, the addressee of "lalavimas" songs was also changing, and how these changes were reflected at the textual level. In order to analyze this problem comprehensively, parallels with Belorussian and Polish analogues are employed. The function of "lalavimas" custom and folklore, as recorded in the 19th–20th century sources, allows us to presume the original purpose of "lalavimas" songs, widespread in southern and southeastern Lithuania, having been wishing the girls of nubile age to get successfully married. Such assumption is supported by data from other regions of Lithuania, where some kind of attention was also paid to potential brides during Easter households visiting, although specific songs have not been known. Yet there are a few recorded cases, when "lalavimas" songs were sung to very little girls. The question is, whether "lalavimas" songs of wedding thematic were originally meant only for grown up girls, or whether the age o f the addressed girls was of no relevance. In the former case, dedicating of "lalavimas" songs for little girls would belong to the late tradition of "lalavimas".According to the available data and considering the general situation in the 19th–20th centuries, the author tends to regard these songs as having been related to mature girls, and the changes in their function could have been provoked by the secularization of the custom and the changing attitude towards the girl's maturity, which also influcnced her earlier initiation into the community of young people. Since the beginning of the 20th century in Lithuanian, as well as in Polish and Belorussian traditions of "lalavimas" there appear certain tendencies which prevent regarding this custom merely as direct continuation of the old traditions. Although the age of the greeted girls can not be defined precisely, the available data allows us to assume these songs having been originally meant for the mature girls of nubile age. [From the publication]