Kaimo pagrindinės mokyklos vidurinių klasių moksleivių protinės ir fizinės raidos medicininės charakteristikos
LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjama moksleivių protinės ir fizinės raidos medicininės charakteristikos kaimo pagrindinės mokyklos vidurinėse klasėse. Šis ugdymo ir raidos tarpsnis sutampa su paauglystės ir lytinės brandos periodu. Jis pasižymi dėsningumais, kuriems pasireikši turi reikšmės ne tik ugdymas ir jo sąlygos, bet ir socialiniai veiksniai. Paauglystės ir socialinės bei ugdymo sferų sąveika atsispindi paauglių fizinėje ir psichomotorinėje raidoje. Jos analizei panaudoti aukštųjų nervinių funkcijų, erdvės, laiko, foneminio suvokimo, audiovizualinių ryšių, premotorų, protinio darbingumo, judesių koordinacijos, statinės pusiausvyros, psichomotorinės reakcijos greičio tyrimų rezultatai. Moksleivių psichofizinės raidos pokyčiai paauglystėje nėra palankūs jų ugdymui ir jį apsunkina, todėl būtina optimizuoti ne tik ugdymo sąlygas kaime, bet ir ugdymo procesą bei planus. Būtina ankstyvoji psichofizinės raidos sutrikimo diagnostika ir korekcija. Greta specialiųjų ugdymo metodų, siekiant sumažinti židininių galvos smegenų žievės funkcijų nepakankamumo reiškinius, būtina speciali ugdymo sistema judesių koordinacijai lavinti.
EN[…] The aim of our research was to study peculiarities of psycho/physical development of schoolchildren in a country school. Schoolchildren between Years 5 and 8 of Aukstelke main school (Šiauliai region) have been chosen for the rcsearch.456 mental ability tests and 33 tests of motor and high neurological functions have been carried out. […] The research in the motor movements of schoolchildren has been carried out by methods offered by A. Raslan and J. Skemevicius. Static equilibrium and features of physical quickness have been investigated. The dynamic tremor of the right hand has been registered by a thermometer. The statistical analysis of the received data has been carried out. It has been established that the intensity and productivity of mental work hasn't changed in Years 5, 6 and 7, and only in Year 8 increased by approximately 40%. Girls exhibited slightly better results. The dynamics of indicators of intensity and productivity correlated with the speed, frequency and static equilibrium of the movement of hands. The quality of precision of mental work, which reflects the influence of peristaltic factors and the reaction of the organism to them, was not constant. The precision of work in Years 6 and 7 in comparison with Year 5 decreased by 178% and increased by the same percent in Year 8. In Year 5 boys worked 3 times more precisely in comparison with girls, while in Years 6, 7 and 8 girls worked more precisely.The dynamics of precision of mental work correlated with the speed of psychomotor reactions of schoolchildren. The best speed of a psychomotor reaction was in Year 8 (7.3±0.9cm).The worst indicators of this reaction were in Year 5. In Years 6 and 7 in comparison to Year 5 (he indicators improved, however, they were worse than in Year 8. The decrease was especially marked in Year 7 and reached 8.5±0.9 cm. The muscle contraction speed of the hand and contraction frequency improved constantly from Year 5 to Year 8. Research of movement coordination has shown that the worst results were in Year 6 and Year 7. […]. In primary schoolchildren the inferiority of this type has been found in 67% of examined students, while in Years 5 to 7 - to 35%. In all cases the symptoms of inferiority of functions of high cortex and intersensory links have been accompanied by movement coordination inferiority. All these children have experienced much greater difficulties in the process of education. […] It has been concluded that changes in the psycho/physical development of schoolchildren in later years are not favorable for their education and make it more difficult. That is why it is necessary to optimize not only educational conditions in the country, but also educational process and plans. Early diagnostics and correction of the psycho/physical development is necessary.
