Pergalės prie Vienos šimtmečio paminėjimas XVIII amžiaus Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės akademinių aktualijų kontekste
LTStraipsnyje analizuojama proginė mokyklinė drama „Dzielo teatralne“ („Teatrinis veikalas“). Šis kūrinys, Vilniaus akademijos spaustuvėje išleistas 1784 m., buvo skirtas jubiliejinei pergalės prie Vienos šimtmečio sukakčiai paminėti. Atkreipiamas dėmesys, kad pergalė prie Vienos ir mūšis prie Parkanų ar Podolės Kameneco, taip pat minimi dramoje, netampa kūrinio siužetine ašimi. „Teatrinis veikalas“ atspindi Edukacinės komisijos įvykdytą mokyklų reformą, kurios aktualijų fone garbingi istoriniai įvykiai iškyla kaip praėjusių laikų reminiscencijos.
ENThe victory at Vienna, which was achieved by the allied forces of Poland, Austria and Germany led by Jan Sobieski and which took place on September 12,1683, was one of the most important historical events of 18th-century Europe. On the orders of King August Poniatowski, the centenary of the victory was commemorated by celebrations in the whole of the Republic. On the instructions of the Commission for Education, the Head School of Lithuania celebrated the centenary in a grand manner. A year later, the printing house of Vilnius Academy published several occasional publications related to this jubilee. One of them is the drama Dzielo teatralne (A Theatre Piece, 1784). It is unknown whether this piece was only printed or also performed. By its nature and purpose, it may be assigned to the typological group of occasional school dramas. The drama touches upon three victories of the Polish-Turkish War (1683-1699): the Battle of Vienna, the Battle of Parkany (0910 1683) and the Battle of Kamenetsk-Podolsky (06 10 1694). It is noticeable that these events, which symbolize the glorious past, are not the main topic of the work. Battle scenes as tokens of honourable history were introduced into the context of school realities of the times. A Theatre Piece, written in an academic environment, reflects the reform of school programs implemented by the Commission for Education in 1773: the piece analyzes the relation between scholastic and new philosophy, the changes in the instruction of theology, the place of Latin in everyday life and education system, and the relation between Polish (as the native language) and Latin.The dialogues of A Theatre Piece are also imbued with the overtones of the then spreading physiocratic ideas (discussions about economy, law and agriculture). The structure and content of the piece show obvious changes in school dramaturgy that started in the 18th century in the wake of the Jesuit school reform, when the structure of a drama became more simple upon the forgoing of prologue, epilogue, chorus and intermezzi, and elements of baroque dramaturgy - complicated plot or intrigue, visions and miracles - were supplanted by realistic performance. The plot of A Theatre Piece is not obviously connected with the thematics of classical mythology or history, which for a long time provided the main source material for school dramas. However, the piece does contain easily recognized antique realities: for instance, we see among the characters the grumbling townsman Chremet, a character in more than one Terence's comedy, and Grakus, an Academy student trying to discover the use for philosophy and its helpfulness for farmer (an allusion to the tribunes Tiberius Sempronius and Gaius Sempronius Gracchi who were murdered by the optimates because of an agricultural reform). On the one hand, mild satire and the types of characters indicate the vestiges of the New Comedy tradition; on the other hand, schematic characters, descriptions in lieu of performance and educational didactics show the influence of the classicistic canon. […].
