Paveldo skaitmeninimas: nuo duomenų banko iki Second life

LTStraipsnio objektas – kultūros paveldo ir lituanistinių mokslo tyrimų duomenų skaitmeninimas plačiąja prasme. Remiamasi loginės indukcijos mokslinio tyrimo metodu. Analizuodamas skaitmeninių technologijų taikymo kultūros paveldo ir lituanistinių mokslo tyrimų duomenų fiksavimui istoriją bei praktiką, straipsnio autorius aptaria dabartinę skaitmeninimo situaciją Lietuvoje, svarbiausias problemas, jų priežastis, pagrindines skaitmeninimo raidos tendencijas. Straipsnyje pristatomos skirtingos mokslo ir kultūros sektorių skaitmeninimo strategijos, šiuose sektoriuose naudojamos informacinė ir komunikacinė paradigmos. Remiantis M. Castelso „tinklaveikos visuomenės“ teorija, apibūdinamos skaitmeninimo veiklų ateities perspektyvos. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Atminties institucijos; Informacinė paradigma; Komunikacinė paradigma; Kultūros paveldas; Mokslo institucijos; Skaitmeniniai duomenys; Skaitmeninimas; Communication paradigm; Communication paradigms; Cultural heritage; Data bank; Digital data; Digitization; Information paradigm; Information paradigms; Memory institutions; Science institutions; Scientific institutions.

ENDigitization in Lithuania will soon begin the third decade of its development, so we can already assess the current situation and reflect on the strategic direction of future development. The object of the article – cultural heritage and Lithuanian research data digitization in the broad sense. Aim of this article – to analyze digitization from historical and theoretical perspectives, highlighting the current focus of digitization activities. At the same time it aims to show the current data and scientific heritage digitization situation and to draw some guidelines for the future. The article is based on the scientific method of logical induction. Lithuanian cultural heritage digitization began in 1992 with the start of developing the National M. Mažvydas electronic library catalog. In 1993 Eugenijus Jovaiša and Marius Jovaiša presented their programs "Dangus" ("The sky") and "Archeologo darbo kamputis" ("Archeologist work corner"). In Lithuania, digitization programs, databases, information systems were developed by different institutions, even private individuals, who didn’t coordinate activities between each other, rarely used any sorts of standards. In 2011 we had no less than 40 – 50 actually operating at various levels, different institution and sectoral dependence heritage and Lithuanian scientific databases and information systems, most of which do not use any standards, and their creators didn’t create interoperability and are not ready for it. The root of heritage and Lithuanian scientific data digitization problems is their institutional dependency. Education institutions and their infrastructure are curated by the Ministry of Education and Science, while memory institutions and major research source (legacy) information infrastructures – by the Ministry of Culture. Both of these sectors have different digitization traditions, based on different paradigms.Regardless of on what kind of paradigm (information and communication) the digitization activities are based, the center of attention is the real digitized object and its contents. During digitization, the object is not copied, but recoded from more reality-based continuous data into discrete data (2D, 2D+ and 3D) working in a digital (artificial) environment. During digitization, loss of data is inevitable, since a copy isn’t created, but an entirely new digital document. Mathematical information theory (cf. C.E. Shanonn’s communication process diagram) talks about trans-media recoding, where the real object is a source of information (information source) and the digital object is the goal (destination). Application of digital technology and Lithuanian heritage science trends – the strengthening of reticulation development and open code outlook. Application development areas – non-invasive testing, data capture, expert systems and simulation modeling, data management, and comunication technologies. In summary, it can be argued that computer technology is only a tool, regardless of it, cultural heritage or the object of Lithuanian research and scientific problems and functions remain the same. However, digital networked technology is transforming society, and the changed society forces scientific research as well as scientific and memory institutions to change too, increase their public visibility, allow public participation in institution activities. [From the publication]