Bankroto bylų nagrinėjimas : teorija ir praktika

LTCivilinio proceso teisė yra universali teisės šaka, skirta byloms, kylančioms iš įvairiausių privatinių teisinių santykių, nagrinėti. 2003 m. sausio 1 d. įsigaliojusio Lietuvos Respublikos civilinio proceso kodekso (toliau - CPK) 1 straipsnio 1 dalis įtvirtina Kodekso taikymą nagrinėjant civilines, darbo, šeimos, intelektinės nuosavybės, konkurencijos, bankroto, restruktūrizavimo bylas bei kitas bylas, kylančias iš privatinių teisinių santykių. Kartu Kodeksas numato, kad kai kurių rūšių bylų nagrinėjimo ypatumus gali nustatyti kiti Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymai. Bankroto srityje galiojantis Įmonių bankroto įstatymas (toliau - ĮBĮ), be materialinio teisinio reglamentavimo, įtvirtina ir nemažai procesinių teisinių nuostatų, taikytinų nagrinėjant bankroto bylas teismuose. Neišvengiamai susiduriama su šių teisės aktų santykio problema ir apskritai bankroto teisės vieta Lietuvos teisės sistemoje. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Bankrotas; Bankroto procesas; Bankroto teisė; Civilinis procesas; Nemoki įmonė; Įmonių bankroto įstatymas; Bancruptcy law; Bankruptcy; Bankruptcy proceedings; Code of Civil Procedure; Insolvency; Procedure of bankruptcy; The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law.

ENLegal proceedings in bankruptcy cases are initiated and heard pursuant to the rules laid down in the Code of Civil Procedure, except for the instances provided for in the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law. As the rules of civil procedure are applicable in bankruptcy proceedings, it is evident that bankruptcy cases, as distinct from administrative or criminal proceedings, are civil cases. However, the general provisions on the litigation in civil cases are to a great extent modified by special norms established in the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, therefore in bankruptcy proceedings, it is sometimes difficult to discern the implementation of not only separate general provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, but also of some of the principals of civil procedure in general. Due to several reasons, bankruptcy cases may not be heard exclusively pursuant to the general rules of civil procedure. First, in bankruptcy cases, the public interest and the necessity of its protection become clearly evident. Second, even though bankruptcy law relies on the majority of the general principles of civil procedural law, some of the principles of bankruptcy law do not comply with or even contradict to the classical principles of the civil procedure. The third reason to determine the specifics of bankruptcy proceedings is the aim to make the bankruptcy process easier and more effective on the practical level.The subject matter of bankruptcy law may be defined as the legal relations who form when the debtor is incapable of fulfilling his obligations and satisfying the demands of creditors, and the related legal relationships. The bankruptcy law includes elements of both the dispositive and the imperative methods of legal regulation, with the prevalence given to the imperative method of legal regulation. The article includes an analysis of the theoretical aspects of the concept of bankruptcy law and describes the relation between bankruptcy law and other branches of law, especially the relation between bankruptcy proceedings and civil proceedings as well as with the enforcement procedure. Much attention is paid to the relation between the legal acts that regulate bankruptcy proceedings - the Code of Civil Procedure and the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law. This relation is examined by analysing the application of some of the institutes of civil procedural law in bankruptcy cases: peace settlement, ex-parte decisions and the preparatory stage of the hearing. Based on the examples of judicial practice, the author also explores the mechanism of protection of subjective interests in bankruptcy proceedings. The main attention in this part of the article is paid to the legal status of persons participating in bankruptcy proceedings and to the affirmation of demands of creditors by court rulings. [From the publication]