Vykdomosios valdžios institucijų sistemos raida atkūrus nepriklausomybę

LTJau pačią pirmą nepriklausomybės atkūrimo dieną buvo padėtas naujos valstybės valdžios sistemos pamatas. Naujoji sistema grindžiama demokratinėse pasaulio valstybėse plačiai taikoma valdžių padalijimo doktrina. Šis straipsnis ir skirtas vykdomosios valdžios institucijų sistemos – vienos iš svarbiausių valstybės valdžios instituto – genezei po nepriklausomybės atkūrimo analizuoti. Jame pateikiamas šios valdžios rūšies institucijų sistemos formavimasis, gana daug dėmesio skiriama atskirų vykdomosios valdžios institucijų struktūrų evoliucionavimui nagrinėti. Minėtos sistemos pokyčiai iliustruojami empiriniais tyrimais. Nurodomos vykdomosios valdžios institucijų sistemos tobulinimo gairės bei priežastys, turinčios įtakos jos raidai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Konstitucinė teisė; Vietos savivalda; Vietos savivaldos istorinė raida; Vykdomoji valdžia; Vyriausybė; Constitutional law; Executive authorities; Goverment; Historical development of the local self-governance; Local self-governance.

ENAfter a restoration of the Independence on March 11, 1990, the Provisional General Law (the Provisional Constitution of Republic of Lithuania) has been passed. Although state authorities were organized according to the principles of power distribution used in democratic states, however, an insufficient attention was paid to this issue. The law provided the principles of the legal status of the only executive institution – the Government, but did not pay a considerable attention to the system of executive institutions. Only the logical analysis of the Law on Government passed on March 22, 1990 allows to suppose that it consisted of the Government, ministries and inspections. The National Referendum dated October 25, 1992, had approved the Constitution of Republic of Lithuania that consolidated the structure of the system of executive institutions: the President and the Government of Republic of Lithuania, ministries and governmental institutions, county administrations. Because of an adoption of the new Law on Government, the central level of the system of executive institutions shall be reorganized. Within eleven years of Independence, eight reforms were implemented on the level of ministries (13 ministries were established and 18 ministries were liquidated), not taking into account reforms, related to changes of heads of ministries and organizational transformations of their structure. From 1995, reforms are implemented once in two years and the trend of a reduction of number of ministries – from 19 to 13 – takes place.An absence of a stable policy in respect of the number and purpose of the ministries caused frequent reforms in this system that replaced one organizational–legal form of an executive institution was replaced by another form (for example, ministries were reorganized into governmental organizations and vice versa). Within last years (from 1998), growing of the number of quasi–governing structures (governmental committees and commissions) was particularly rapid. The number of institutions at ministries and governmental organizations gradually grew as well, and the number of institutions of county’s heads remained the most stable from the moment of the establishment. The system of executive institutions from March 11, 1990 passes the period of permanent changes. Governing reforms present a continuous process in our state. The necessity of reforms is predetermined by the programme of the Government, i.e. all reforms are bound with the intuition and opinion of various political parties on state governing. Thus, in absence of a strategy (conception, programme) of an improvement of the system of executive institutions, based on an comprehensive analysis and independent on political processes, it is impossible to ensure a stability and harmony of the system of executive institutions. [Text from author]