Tarptautinio jūrų teisės tribunolo privalomosios jurisdikcijos taikymo problemos

LTStraipsnyje analizuojamos pagrindinės Tarptautinio jūrų teisės tribunolo privalomosios jurisdikcijos taikymo problemos, daugiausiai dėmesio skiriant 1982 m. Jungtinių Tautų jūrų teisės konvencijos privalomo ginčų sprendimo mechanizmo nuostatoms bei valstybių praktikai pasirenkant tribunolo jurisdikciją, taip pat vertinamas Tribunolo jurisdikcijos dėl šios konvencijos aiškinimo ar taikymo ir Tarptautinio Teisingumo Teismo jurisdikcijos pagal jo statuto 36 straipsnio 2 dalį santykis.

ENThis article provides a discussion of the main problems of the compulsory jurisdiction of International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea putting the main focus on compulsory dispute settlement system provisions of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Having analyzed the objectives and significance of compulsory dispute settlement system, the choice of procedure under article 287 of the Convention and states’ declarations made thereunder it appears that the Tribunal has quite a limited compulsory jurisdiction for the disputes concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention. This is not only because disputants have other options for adjudication but also because of the inaction of states, therefore the motives encouraging states to choose the compulsory jurisdiction of the Tribunal are provided. Moreover, a question concerning the Lithuanian declaration made under article 287 of the Convention is raised, suggesting the option of giving the priority to the jurisdiction of the Tribunal. Finally, the article approaches the question of relation between jurisdiction of the Tribunal and compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice based on article 36, paragraph 2, of its Statute, giving the special attention to reservation possibilities. Notwithstanding some negative effect of the reservations, it is being emphasized that in some cases reservations are essential. For the reasons of expanding the competence and relevance of the Tribunal jurisdiction states should make particular reservations when making declarations under article 36, paragraph 2, of the Statute of the Court.