Komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo prioritetai ir jų realizavimo galimybių subalansuotos miestų plėtros kontekste tyrimas

LTAtliekų tvarkymo problemų kompleksiškumas ir dinamiškumas įpareigoja jų tyrime integruoti ir ekonominius, ir socialinius aspektus. Ši tyrimo metodika leido finansinius atliekų tvarkymo rezultatus koreguoti ekonominės žalos (naudos) dydžiu ir nustatyti, kad atliekas perdirbant gaunama ekonominė nauda. Atlikus ekonominę analizę, gauta, kad atliekos Lietuvoje tvarkomos nepakankamai efektyviai, tačiau įrodyta, kad lokaliniu lygiu yra užtektinai vidinių rezervų socialiniam-ekonominiam komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo rezultatyvumui didinti ir subalansuotos plėtros reikalavimams realizuoti.

ENLittle attention has been given to research on municipal waste management priorities, efficiency of municipal waste management systems and analysis of managing and financing problems of these systems. The aim of this article is a socio-economic substantiation of priorities in municipal waste management in the context of sustainable development and the analysis of their realization possibilities at municipal level. Having estimated external waste management costs and their coherence with waste management methods, it has been determined that economic benefit is gained from waste recycling and incineration, but only in case energy of a coal power station is replaced by waste incineration energy. It has been suggested that in Lithuania an integrated waste management strategy should be based on the results of the net social costs research; it will enable to choose a combination of waste management methods, which either minimize the net social costs of municipal waste management or maximize the net social benefits. The research on the organizational municipal waste management system has shown that the town had no comprehensive waste management system what influenced economic waste management results. During the period under investigation (1996-2003) net profitability of mixed waste management decreased from 28.4% to 7.5%. Management of recyclables was profitable only when they were collected from landfill. Introduction and development of a container system increased costs, the loss grew from 3 000 Lt in 1997 to 178 500 Lt in 2003.Operation of site sorting for bulky and hazardous waste was running at a loss every year of its exploitation (1998-2003). It has been concluded that the development of economical recycle management can be stimulated by: external financing; using internal reserves of the waste management system. The aanalysis of the alternatives in regulating local waste management market showed that for revealing the internal reserves of the system the most suitable way is choosing a waste management operator by tender. Having applied the results of measuring and analysing waste collection time input as well as technical-economic and statistical-practical standard factors decisive for mixed waste collection costs the following have been determined: specific features of the zone serviced; design and volume capacity of containers; type of garbage trucks; costs of garbage trucks and containers; number of people in a collection team; organizational aspects of the collection process. Results of the empiric research have confirmed that municipal waste management systems have considerable internal reserves for the development of sorted waste management.