Ekologiškai auginamų linų perspektyvos ūkininko ūkyje analizė
LTEkologiškai išauginti linų sėmenys – vertinga žaliava maistui, vaistams, pašarams, aliejui gaminti. Šaltai spaustas sėmenų aliejus yra vertinamas kaip gydomasis dietinis produktas, jis priskiriamas sveikos mitybos produktų kategorijai, o farmacijoje naudojamas kaip medikamentų bazinė sudėtinė dalis. Ekologiškų produktų paklausa didėja, nes auga susidomėjimas vartojamų produktų kokybe, jų kilme, pirminio ir galutinio perdirbimo būdais, produktų sudėtimi. Ekologiškai išaugintų aliejinių linų sėmenys bei aliejus labai populiarūs pasaulyje, ypač JAV ir Kanadoje. Tai atveria galimybes Lietuvos ūkininkams ekologiškus sėmenis ne tik naudoti vietos rinkose, bet ir juos eksportuoti. Deja, trūksta moksliškai pagrįstų rekomendacijų ekologiniam linų auginimui Lietuvos sąlygomis. Siekiant nustatyti antropogeninių ir agrotechninių veiksnių įtaką ekologiškų aliejinių linų pasėlio agrobiologiniams ir derliaus rodikliams, LAMMC Upytės bandymų stotyje (Panevėžio r.) 2008–2009 m. vykdyti lauko bandymai tiriant aliejinių linų veislę Biltstar. Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti ekologinio aliejinių linų auginimo ir perdirbimo technologines bei ekonomines galimybes ir išnagrinėti ekologinio linų auginimo ūkininko ūkyje perspektyvą.
ENThe linseed is grown in the world for many years. The area of linseed in the world is much more than that of fibre flax. Nowadays the area of linseed in Lithuania is close to 250 ha, but we note the tendency of increase of linseed area in recent years. The seeds of ecologically grown linseed have high value as the row material for food, medicine, fodder, oil production. The cold pressed oil is very valuable dietary product belonging to the category of the products for wholesome food; it is used as a basic component in the production of some medicine in pharmacy. […] Therefore, in 2008-2009 the investigation was carried out at the Upytė Experimental Station of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (Panevėžys district, Lithuania) with aim to determine the influence of anthropogenic and agrotechnological factors on the agrobiological and yield parameters of the linseed crop grown in ecological way or following intensive technology. The linseed variety Biltstar was tested. The theoretical methods (analysis of scientific sources, survey, generalization, systematization, statistical evaluation of the data) and field trials have been applied for the investigation. The evidence of the investigation showed that the biometrical indices of linseed were very similar (the differences were insignificant) despite growing linseed in the different way (ecologically or following intensive technology). Only the seed yield of linseed was higher when growing it following intensive technology; it was 2.07 t ha. […].The results of calculation of the costs for linseed growing and harvesting (excluding costs of amortization and wage) showed that the ecological way of linseed growing 172 had lower costs (1181.10 Lt ha) than that when following intensive technology (1962.91 Lt ha). The difference between treatments was found to be 782 Lt. The costs grow mostly because of the different jobs necessary to perform as well as because of the cost of different products used for fertilization of the soil, plant protection, etc. when growing linseed following intensive technology. It is necessary to point out, that the cost of ecologically grown linseed could increase because of the necessity to apply fertilizers. We didn't apply fertilizers for linseed crop in our trials because the soil was enough rich, the supply of nutrition elements was sufficient. Joint Stock Company „Aletovis" is ready to process seeds of ecologically grown linseed, depending on the supply to meet demands of the factory. Such seeds could be processed by small farmers in their farms also. The costs of the investments to purchase the press or pressing system to produce linseed oil by cold pressing way could be from 13 to 36 thousand Lt. The results of our investigation showed that it is possible to grow and harvest linseed ecologically (without any pesticides) in Lithuania, and then ecological seeds could be processed in the local farms or at the special enterprises.
