Yosefas Weinsteinas (Josifas Vinogradovas, 1866-1936): Haskalos siekių raiška vilniečio dainininko kūrybinėje biografijoje

LTStraipsnio objektas - žymaus vilniečio dainininko Yosefo Weinsteino (Josifo Vinogradovo) kūrybos kelias ir veikla, kurioje ryškiai atsispindi Haskalos idėjos. Glaudaus kultūrų sambūvio erdvė Vilniuje projektavo ne vien tam laikotarpiui būdingą vilniečio tautinę savimonę, bet ir jo kūrybinės brandos kelią. Šio dainininko biografija - akivaizdus to meto Vilniaus žydų menininko pavyzdys: gabus žydų šeimos vaikas iš regioninio centro išpopuliarėja su rusiška pavarde, XX a. pr. modernėjančioje visuomenėje atveria savo tautines ištakas, pelno pripažinimą Rusijos imperijoje ir pasaulyje.

ENThe article is concerned with famous Vilnius citizen singers Yosef Weinstein's (Josif Vinogradov) creation. His activity is a reflection of Haskalah ideas. As the area of the close coexistence, Vilnius designed both the characteristic national consciousness of Vilnius citizens and their road to creative maturity. The artists biography in some cases can be a better and brighter example of contemporary times than any other epoch-making model. One of such examples is the biography of Yosef Weinstein, a singer (baritone). The famous worldwide opera singer was born and educated in a Jewish family in Vilnius. He started singing in the choirs of professional cantors at a very early age. Having had an excellent education in Moscow from Russian (Darya Leonova) and French (Jean Lasalle) vocal teachers he further fostered his talent in border cities (from the point of view of national cultures) - Vilnius, Kharkov, Kiev, Tiflis (now Tbilisi) Riga, and others. His name was known in Europe, America and Canada. He sang in the most famous theatre and concert halls such as London's Covent Garden. His stage partners were leading singers Nikolay Bolshakov, Nadezhda van de Brandt, Fyodor Chaliapin, the brothers Jan and Edward de Reszke, Marietta Alboni, and Emil Cooper, a conductor. Weinstein did not live in Vilnius permanently: he spent there about two decades during his younger days; later on, he sang in Russian and Italian opera companies and performances at the Vilnius city theatre where he did some educational work, and took an active part in charity.Being a representative of the Jewish Enlightenment alongside his Russian and Western European opera repertoire he performed professional works by Jewish composers the lack of which was particularly felt in Vilnius. He was the first in the Russian Empire who performed the professional opera music in Yiddish. He also sang Jewish folk songs translated from Hebrew into Yiddish. The famous Vilnius citizen immigrated to America in 1920 where he worked as a cantor and took active part in concerts in America and Canada, and sang in a Jewish opera. Weinstein immigrated to Palestine in 1934 and died there. This artist's biography is a typical example of a Vilnius Jewish artist of those times: a gifted Jewish child from a regional centre becomes popular with a Russian surname; opens his ethnic origins in the getting-modern society of the beginning of the 20th century and gains recognition in the Russian Empire and the world. His voice was recorded at studios of Russia and America. Weinstein was a representative of Haskalah and at the same of the Russian cultural space, which was more open to the world at that time. The singers biography is a significant part of the Lithuanian cultural heritage.