ENA comparison of the Jewish councils in Lithuania-and elsewhere-raises questions concerning internal Jewish history and Jewish leadership: Were the Jewish councils in the ghettos of Lithuania the authentic leadership of their communities? Did they act in any way that is typical to Lithuanian Jewry, or did they exercise a new type of leadership during the Holocaust? Was this type of leadership whether a continuation or a new phenomenon-the same in all the ghettos? What were the reasons that brought about this similarity or difference? Finally, what were the relations between the councils and the various components of their communities? [p. 149].