Naujųjų ES valstybių bankinio sektoriaus priežiūra, konkurencija ir stabilumas

LTStraipsnyje analizuojama bankinio sektoriaus veiklos ir jos priežiūros sąveika dvylikoje naujųjų Europos Sąjungos šalių. Tyrimas atliktas vertinant bankų sektoriaus Herfindahl – Hirschman (HHI) koncentracijos indekso, bankų finansinių rodiklių koreliaciją su priežiūros lygiu šalyje. Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad finansų įstaigų priežiūros institucijų ir bankų skaičiui šalyje didėjant, bankų stabilumas iš esmės nekinta. Tai rodo, kad priežiūros insitucijos vaidmuo bankinio sektoriaus veiklai yra minimalus.

ENNowadays – in time of financial market liberalisation and globalisation, capitalization, electronic commerce - the banking sector faces many challanges. Questions how to stay competitive usually are linked with finacial stability and the necessity of supervision in this expanding banking sector. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to analyse the correlation between stability, supervision and competition in a banking sector in the twelve European Union countries. Variuos researches and economists distinguish three main goals of the financial system's supervision and the banking sector: maintanace of stability, encouragement of competition and transparency. Stability is understood as the prevention of financial crisis and is related with effective maintanance. This is closely related with concentration in a banking sector. Concentration in the twelve Eurpean Union countries is high and it is estimated according to the number of banks that fall on 10 000 citizens and Herfindahl – Hirschman index. The reasearch in this paper is based on correlations between: supervision and stability, supervision and competition, competition and stability; and these correlations are reviewed. In order to find a connection between competition in a banking sector and the level of supervision, there were analysed Herfindahl – Hirschman index and a number of supervision institutions in the countires. As a result, any direct connection between those two factors were not found, however it was noticed that the avarage concentration is bigger in those countries where exists only one supervision institution. Financial stability the authors estimated according to the ROA, ROE and the payment level data in twelve European Union countries.It was assumed that when competition is stronger, stability in a banking sector should be in a lower level, because banks are used to take more aggresive competetive strategies. This assumption was not approved because when competition between banks grows, stability in a banking sector does not change. The same correlation is noticed between the number of supervision institutions and stability in a banking sector: a good number of supervision institutions does not incerase the level of stability. This means that supervision institutions do not have strong influence on the financial results of banking ativities.