"Польша" и "Литва": семантика пространств взглядом из Киева (середина XIX - начало XX вв.)

LTErdvės vaizdinys formuojasi į jį talpinant praeities įvykius ir juos papildant dabartimi. Taip susidaro erdvės vaizdinys, su emocionaliai nuspalvintais, ryškiais raštais arba būna labai ideologizuotas, kuris labai priklauso nuo įsitikinimų ir prioritetų. Straipsnyje atkreipiamas dėmesys į Lenkijos – Lietuvos valstybės suvokimą, kuris susiklostė ukrainietiškoje akademinėje istoriografijoje XIX a. viduryje ir XX a. pradžioje. Svarstant dalines modifikacijas, reikia atkreipti dėmesį į Kijevo universiteto profesoriaus V. B. Antonovičiaus darbus. Jis laikomas pozityvizmo pradininku Ukrainos istoriografijoje. Savo darbe V. B. Antonovičius skiria didelį dėmesį Ukrainai. Lenkija su Ukraina pristatomos kaip priklausomos viena nuo kitos ir persipinančios teritorijos. V. B. Antonovičius savo darbuose surado vietos ir Lietuvos Didžiajai Kunigaikštystei. Lietuva pristatoma kaip ,,aukso amžiaus“ erdvė. Istoriko M. S. Gruševskio nusakytuose principuose yra teigiama ,,viena kultūra –viena nacija – viena valstybė“. Buvo siekiama formuoti vientautę, modernią naciją kuriant jai teritoriją, kuri turėtų istoriją. Savo darbais M. S. Gruševskis užbaigė savo pirmtakų darbus. Vėlesnių ir iki šių dienų Ukrainos istorikų darbuose galima dažnai surasti aptariamos kultūrinės – geografinės Lenkijos – Lietuvos valstybės temą.

ENThis article discussed "tissue" spatial perception of the Polish-Lithuanian State, established in the Ukrainian academic historiography mid XIX-early XX centuries, including the so-called "compression" this space to the points where the fateful event for the Ukrainians and where "spatial behavior" Rzeczpospolita these events contributed to, or, conversely, prevented the (of course, in the assessment of Ukrainian historians). In the later works of Ukrainian historians (to date inclusive!) can be found echoes of almost all shades of cultural and geographical image of the Polish-Lithuanian state: romantic legacy of Ni-cholay Kostomarov, the first description of the past in a positivist vein, Vladimir Antonovich and, finally, academic "delimitation" Ukrainian history as a national project in the works of Michail Hrushevskiy. However, they are intertwined so whimsically, and at different times due to the complex mixing of "language sources", "language historiography Fathers" and the "language of ideology", that it would require special analysis. The only that unites them - is that the semantics of spaces "Poland" and "Lithuania" least cares reality. In the future, the Ukrainian "geographical identity" surrounding areas are seen merely as a decoration - "moving backstage stories", which help to understand and describe themselves.This article discussed "tissue" spatial perception of the Polish-Lithuanian State, established in the Ukrainian academic historiography mid XIX-early XX centuries, including the so-called "compression" this space to the points where the fateful event for the Ukrainians and where "spatial behaviour" Rzeczpospolita these events contributed to, or, conversely, prevented the (of course, in the assessment of Ukrainian historians). In the later works of Ukrainian historians (to date inclusive!) can be found echoes of almost all shades of cultural and geographical image of the Polish-Lithuanian state: romantic legacy of Nicholay Kostomarov, the first description of the past in a positivist vein, Vladimir Antonovich and, finally, academic "delimitation" Ukrainian history as a national project in the works of Michail Hrushevskiy. However, they are intertwined so whimsically, and at different times due to the complex mixing of "language sources", "language historiography Fathers" and the "language of ideology", that it would require special analysis. The only that unites them - is that the semantics of spaces "Poland" and "Lithuania" least cares reality. In the future, the Ukrainian "geographical identity" surrounding areas are seen merely as a decoration - "moving backstage stories", which help to understand and describe themselves.