Kristijono Donelaičio pasakėčių santykis su Romulo tradicijos pasakėčiomis

LTStraipsnyje aptariamas Donelaičio pasakėčių tyrėjų dar visiškai nenagrinėtas, bet svarbus klausimas, į kurį reikia ieškoti atsakymo, norint tinkamai suvokti Donelaičio pasakėčių vietą Europos literatūros istorijoje, jų originalumo laipsnį. Bandoma išsiaiškinti, ar Donelaičio pasakėčioms turėjo kokios nors įtakos vėlyvosios Antikos, Viduramžių ir vėlesnių laikų lotyniškai parašytos pasakėčios. Aptariamos tais pačiais motyvais sukurtos Romulo tradicijos ir Donelaičio pasakėčios, nagrinėjami jų kompozicijos, personažų vaizdavimo principų, kalbėjimo būdo, leksikos skirtumai ir bendri bruožai.

ENThe article attempts to elucidate whether Donelaitis's fables were in any way influenced by the Latin fables of Late Antiquity, Middle Ages and later times. It infers that the Lithuanian poet must have known the popular in Europe variants of so-called Aesopian fables and far from blindly imitating them used them creatively. The article states that Donelaitis's fable "Rudikis jomarkininks" ("The Dog at the Fair") is completely unrelated to the original Aesopian fables; it perhaps faintly echoes the poet's own "Fable of the Dung Beetle". Although the other fables by the Lithuanian poet ("Lapės ir gandro česnis" ("The Fox's and the Stork's Feast"), "Šuo Didgalvis" ("The Dog Big-Head"), "Vilks provininks" ("The Wolf-Judge"), "Aužuols gyrpelnys" ("The Braggart Oak")) have some common traits with the fables from the Romulus tradition (similar characters, setting and plot, sometimes similar lexics and moral), these fables by no means are exact copies of those by Romulus and his followers, they all are marked by striking originality.Distinctive are the titles of Donelaitis's fables: the Lithuanian poet creates his own characters; he adapts the situation to the environment familiar to his readers, to the understanding of simple people of the Little Lithuania. He depicts the characters in a great detail, creating their impressive portrayals. His fables are written in hexameter and have epic qualities: the action unfolds slowly, the narrative is consecutive and detailed, the dialogues are unhurried, and the speeches are long. Dialogues and speeches are often coloured by various emotions. Thus, the imagery is much more impressive than that of Romulus and his followers. The subjective aspect is also much more salient: Donelaitis's narrator often appears on the scene and speaks in his own name.