Simno bažnyčios altorių istorijos klausimai

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjami du pagrindiniai Simno Švč. Mergelės Marijos Ėmimo į dangų bažnyčios altorių ansamblio istorijos, jo pertvarkų ir atnaujinimų etapai. Siekiama išryškinti metodologines medinių altorių analizės problemas ir konkrečius klausimus, numatant gaires tolesniems šio objekto tyrimams.

ENThe present complex of altars and other interior furnishings of the Church of Our Lady of the Assumption were under formation from the second quarter of the 18th century until the beginning of the 20th century. This ensemble currently consists of four side altars, a baptistery, an altar of donations and a pulpit. A brief review of the history of the ensemble of the Church of Our Lady of the Assumption is presented in this article. The common problems of the analysis of wooden altars and other concrete questions are highlighted in an attempt to foresee further guidelines for the investigations of this object. The history of the interior of Simnas church is divided into two periods: the period of the 18th century and the one beginning in the 20th century. During the last third of the 18th century, the tradition relating to the layout and location of the altars in the inside of Simnas church was established and the Baroque elements of this ensemble were formed. Between 1888 and 1890, a close reconstruction of this church began, which ended in 1905. During this reconstruction, the interior assumed the present plan and a neo-Baroque appearance. The masters not only kept the surviving parts of the altars, but also adhered to the tradition of the artistic style of this church while building the new altars. This article considers the issue of the authenticity of these wooden altars, which were periodically remade because of their nondurable material. Can the altar, which was rebuilt at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century be ascribed to the Rococo period or it is a work of the neo-Baroque of the end of the 19th century?.Article suggests that this is a largely remade altar that had neo- Baroque details of the last third of the 18th century added. Its position in the architecture of the church and the compositional structure of the retable did not vary or change; this altar has quite a few statues and elements belonging to carving of the 18th century. Other issues discussed relate to the renovation of the interior of Simnas church at the end of the 19th century. The main neo-Renaissance altar was built by the shop of Czeslaw Swierczewski from the city of Lomzha. The ornamentation of this altar was executed under the influence of Vredeman de Vries, Cornel Flori and other engravers of the Netherlands of the late 16th century and the early 17th century. It recalls the décor of the Lomzha Cathedral altars that were made in the mannerist Renaissance style. The contention is made that the ancient main altar of Lomzha Cathedral may have been the prototype for the altar of Simnas church. The documents of Simnas church, which were discovered in 2001, are a complex record of the local tradition of devotion and the Lithuanian language. The documents concerning the construction of the church's altars, their renovation and maintenance raise from oblivion not only the surnames of its noble patrons but also many peasant family surnames of this region. It may be that in some peasant families the tradition to donate to the furnishing of their church was passed from generation to generation.