Teise streikuoti Lietuvoje ir jos atitiktis tarptautiniams darbo standartams

LTDarbo teisės teorija ir tarptautinė praktika vieningos nuomonės dėl teisės streikuoti neturi. Ši teisė jau perauga darbo teisės ribas. Šiandien žmogaus teisių institutą tyrinėjantys teisininkai teigia, kad teisė streikuoti tapo savarankiška teise ir jau yra susijusi ne tik su darbo teisių įgyvendinimu, bet padeda įgyvendinti ir platesnes socialines ar net politines žmogaus teises. Plėtojantis žmogaus teisių institutui, darbo teisė neišvengiamai atsisakys teisės streikuoti monopolio. Savaime suprantama, kad tokiu atveju turės būti peržiūrėti ir principiniai teisės streikuoti apribojimai, šiandien atitinkantys tarptautinius darbo standartus. Kita vertus, tarptautinei bendruomenei, žinoma, ir nacionalinėms sistemoms teks nelengvas uždavinys nustatyti pusiausvyrą: užtikrinti teisę streikuoti kaip prigimtinę kiekvieno individo teisę, kuria ginamos ne tik darbo, bet ir kitos socialinės, ekonominės ir net politinės teisės, ir pasirūpinti, kad teisės streikuoti įgyvendinimas nepažeistų kitų individų, nesinaudojančių teise streikuoti, prigimtinių ir nekvestionuotinų teisių. Taigi pripažįstant teisę streikuoti ir kuriant demokratinį jos įgyvendinimo mechanizmą vis dėlto reikia sutikti, kad ši teisė, būdama žmogaus teisių gynimo ir užtikrinimo priemonė, kartu gali kelti grėsmę kitoms žmogaus teisėms. Todėl teisinėmis priemonėmis turi būti sukurtas toks teisės streikuoti įgyvendinimo mechanizmas, kuriame atsispindėtų kontroversiškų teisės streikuoti principų pusiausvyra.

ENThe paper deals with the situation of legal regulation of the right to strike in Lithuania focusing on description of the regulation limitations, especially the ones incompatible with the international standards. The author concludes that no uniform position on the right to strike is available either in the labour law theory, or in international practice. The right to strike already exceeds the labour law framework. For quite a long time the right to strike was considered to be derived from another right - the right to collective bargaining which is attributed to the general principle of the freedom of association. However, modern lawyers studying human rights' institution declare that the right to strike has developed into an independent right and relates to implementation of labour rights and also helps to actualize broader social and political rights. As the right to strike is moving from the labour law to the human rights sphere it is obvious that the nature of the right to strike must be re-evaluated. In such case state legal instruments should both determine conditions of employee strikes and give an answer to the following question: in which situations and for which purposes people can use their right to strike. Because of developing human rights institution the labour law will be forced to waive its monopoly to regulate the right to strike. As a result the attitude of the international society to the right to strike will certainly change.The widely recognized principal restrictions of the right to strike will obviously be reviewed. On the other hand, the international and national law will be faced with a difficult problem of finding the right balance between the implementation of the right to strike as a fundamental right of every citizen and protection of the third parties whose unquestioned right refrain from participating in strike actions may be violated. Thus, recognizing the right to strike and providing measures to implement it, two aspects of miss right have to be taken into account - it is, of course, the important means to safeguard human rights, but in some cases it may cause a serious threat to these rights. For this reason legal measures must conform to certain requirements - to create such a legal system of implementing the right to strike which would set the balance between the aforementioned opposite aspects of the right to strike. This requirement is important for both national and international systems because in the modern world of globalization business, occupational and labour processes increasingly exceed single countries and influence lives of many entities and individuals.