ENEliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman, the great genius of the Jewish nation, was one of the most famous Talmud scholars of all times. It's not likely that any educated world Jew is rmfamiliar with his name. His authority world-wide is so great that he is simply known as the Gaon; there is no doubt which Gaon one is referring to. The Gaon brought world fame to Vilnius. His extraordinary intellect played a very great role in determining that Vilnius became a long-time spiritual centre for Jews, and that it was known as such far beyond the borders of Lithuania. The ideas of our great fellow countryman continue to attract interest even today, and their analysis serves to enrich the study of Judaica. October 1997 marked the 200th anniversary of the death of the Gaon; an international scientific conference entitled "The Gaon of Vilnius, and the Annals of Jewish Culture" took place at the Vilnius University during September 10-12, in commemoration of this event. The conference was arranged by the Jewish Community of Lithuania, in conjimction with the Vilnius University, and was directly prepared by an organizing committee headed by the rector of the University, Professor Rolandas Pavilionis, Ph.D. Thirty-six speakers from Lithuania, Israel, the USA, Russia, Canada, Great Britain, France, and Germany participated at the conference [p. 7].