Ваисовцы в Литве

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Knygų dalys / Parts of the books
Language:
Rusų kalba / Russian
Title:
Ваисовцы в Литве
Alternative Title:
  • Vaisi in Lithuania
  • Vaisovo sąjūdžio pasekėjai Lietuvoje
Summary / Abstract:

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjamas mažai žinomas puslapis iš „Vaisovo sąjūdžio" („Vaisovo sentikių musulmonų Dievo pulkas") istorijos. Tai buvo religinis, socialinis ir politinis sąjūdis, paplitęs tarp Pavolgio musulmonų XIX a. antrojoje pusėje - XX a. pirmajame ketvirtyje. Per pusę amžiaus (1860 m. - XX a. trečiajame dešimtmetyje) šis sąjūdis iš eschatologinės religinės „sektos" transformavosi į politinę partiją. Apie ketvirtąjį dešimtmetį Vaisovo bendruomenė faktiškai subyrėjo, o jos vadai ir aktyvistai, kurie gyveno SSRS, buvo represuoti. Vaisovo sąjūdžio atstovų atsiradimas buvusios Rusijos imperijos Šiaurės Vakarų krašte susijęs su vienu iš Bagautdino Vaisovo sūnumi Gajanu. Chodža-Muchamedas Gajanas Vaisovas (1882-1940?) apsigyveno Vilniuje XX a. trečiojo dešimtmečio pradžioje. Jis čia turėjo verslą, aktyviai dalyvavo Lenkijos musulmonų bendruomenių veikloje. Ketvirtajame dešimtmetyje jis buvo vienas iškiliausių Vilniaus musulmonų religinės bendruomenės vadovų, dalyvavo musulmonų suvažiavimų darbe, plėtojo filantropinę veiklą. Vilniaus krašto sovietinė okupacija ir represijos, matyt, G. Vaisovo likime suvaidino tragišką vaidmenį.

ENThe article is devoted to one of the less known pages in the history of the Vaisi Movement (The Vaisi Godly Regiment of Muslim Old Believers) which revealed itself as a complex religious, social and political movement among the Muslims of the Volga region in the second half of the 19th and first third of the 20th century. Over the course of a half century (1860-1920s) the movement followed the path from an eschatological religious "sect" to a political party. In the late 19th century, the Vaisovs came into being as a Sufi-inspired, messianistic movement which built up a "parallel" set of Islamic institutions in Kazan as well as in various rural areas of the Volga-Urals. After a long series of conflicts with the official Islamic clergy and with state authorities, the head of the sect, Shaykh Bahautdin Vaisov, was finally arrested and put into a lunatic asylum. Other leading members were exiled or imprisoned. After Bahautdin's death, several of his followers claimed leadership. Under Vaisovs's son Ginanutdin, the group turned into a still religious but more politically oriented movement. Standing in opposition to the Muslim bourgeoisie of Kazan, Ginanutdin chose to side with the Bolsheviks and was killed in the struggles of 1917. While this story is interesting in itself, it shows how a religious sect is transforming into a political party-like group. At the turn of the 1920s and 30s the Vaisi community essentially collapsed, and practically all of the movement leaders and activists living in the USSR were repressed. In Soviet times, the Vaisov movement was a taboo for its religious character as well as for its nationalist tendencies.The presence of members of the Vaisi movement in the northwestern borderlands of the former Russian Empire is linked to one of the sons of Bahautdin Vaisov, Gaian. Having settled at the beginning of the 1920s in Wilna, Khodzha-Mukhammed Gaian Vaisov (1882-1940?) was engaged in entrepreneurship and took an active part in the life of Muslim communities in the Polish state. In the 1930s, he was one of the prominent leaders of the Muslim community (gmina) of Wilna; he participated in the work of Muslim congresses and distinguished himself by his broad charitable activity. The occupation of the Wilna region by Soviet forces and the repressions that followed evidently played a tragic role in G. Vaisov's fate.

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Updated:
2026-03-07 16:42:42
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