Генезис трилистных фибул и умбоновидных подвесок

• Trilapių segių ir skydo formos kabučių genezė
• Genesis of the trefoil fibulas and shield-shaped pendants

LTStraipsnyje publikuojamos Kaupo pilkapyne rastos trys trilapės segės. Socialinė šių dirbinių svarba aptariama įvertinant galimą ryšį su skydo pavidalo kabučių simbolinės ir socialinės reikšmės geneze. Manoma, jog šie dirbiniai buvo prestižo atributai ir bylojo apie jų savininkių priklausomybę valdančiam kariniam sluoksniui. Reikšminiai žodžiai: trilapės segės, skydo formos kabučiai.

ENTrefoil fibulas (Kleeblattfibeln) are one of the rare groups of ornaments throughout North European antiquities of the Viking epoch. These objects are characterized by unique shape of trefoil flower, which diameter varies from 44,3 up to 69,5 mm (by the examples from Birka burial ground). The given fasteners, basically known in the Scandinavian antiquities of 9th - the beginning of the 10th centuries, are extremely rare in the East ern Europe and the Baltic. 8 trefoil fibulas were fixed in the territory of Ancient Russia in 1967. By the beginning of 3rd millenium AD the number of these finds has not increased significantly. In 2000 the excavation of a complex archeological monument of the Viking age in Kaup (Kaliningrad region) was renewed by the Baltic expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Alongside with the open trading - craft settlement the structure of this complex includes burial ground of 9-11th centuries. It was settled by the inhabitants of polyethnic settlement of Kaup. Three rare trefoil fibulas were discovered during the excavations in this burial site. Both shield-shaped pendants and the pendants with the image of a predatory bird, which was the symbol of Old Russian and Prussian combatants, were attributes of social prestiges and indicated a social belonging of the woman to the ruling military elite in the 1st millenium AD. Trefoil fibulas of Viking epoch were also of the social importance in Scandinavia and Baltic, moreover, they indi cated the connection with prestigious of early state formations of Viking in the Western Europe. Both female belts of the 1-2nd centuries AD in the style of Opus interrasile in Sambia simulating the belts of legionaries during epoch of Claudius-Vespa sianus and the belts with eagle-shaped buckles of gothic and gepidic women of the 6th century had a similar sense.