Teisinis informacijos reglamentavimas Lietuvoje: situacijos apžvalga
LTŽmonių tarpusavio santykiai yra reguliuojami socialinėmis normomis. J socialinių normų veikimo sferą patenka ir komunikacijos, informacinio bendravimo procesai bei informaciniai reiškiniai. Kintant visuomeninėms farmacijoms (formuojantis informacinei visuomenei), informacinių visuomeninių santykių teisiniam reguliavimui skiriama vis daugiau dėmesio. Šiame straipsnyje apžvelgiama įvairių informacijos aspektų-informacijos laisvės, išskiriant ir visuomenės informavimo priemonių laisvę (spaudos laisvę), bei informacijos nuosavybės-teisinio reglamentavimo esamybė Lietuvoje. Straipsnyje aptariamos nacionalinių teisės aktų nuostatos. Tačiau norint susiformuoti tikslų ir korektišką įstatyminio informacijos reglamentavimo būklės vaizdą, reikėtų įvertinti ir ratifikuotų galiojančių specialių daugiašalių tarptautinių teisinių sutarčių (konvencijų) atitinkamas nuostatas (nes po ratifikavimo procedūros šie teisės aktai Lietuvos teisinėje sistemoje savo teisine galia prilygsta įstatymams).
ENThe article looks over the local situation of legal regulation of the freedom of information (except the freedom of the mass media (the freedom of the press)) and the ownership of information by discussing the Lithuanian state regulations. The increasing role of information in the Lithuanian society is illustrated by analyzing the regulations, which are directly connected with information issues in the Constitution, the main system of laws of the state. These regulations are considered to be the basis for legal regulation of the public information relations. Accepting the fact that public information relations due to their characteristics are regulated by different branches of law, it is noticed that in the entirety of legal acts such acts, which regulate only the sphere of legal information relations, are distinguished among them. The main legal public information principles consolidated in the Public Information Law of the Republic of Lithuania are analyzed in the article; it presents the legal conception of the freedom of information and the basics of law on the grounds of which the freedom of public information can be limited in Lithuania. It is observed that by consolidating the possibility of limitation of the freedom of public information in the LR Constitution, the scale of its limitation has not been defined. The option of the scale of limitation in Lithuania is theoretically presented to legislators, who can handle it by observing constitutional and legal regulations.The control of legislators' use of this right shall be implemented by appreciating the constitutionality of such activity. It is stated that the present regulation of limitation of the freedom of information by legal norms in Lithuania conforms to regulations of democratic states, to principal norms of European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms Protection. By analyzing the freedom of the mass media (the freedom of the press), attention should be drawn to the fact that by trying to guarantee the impossibility of the state censorship by legal norms of Lithuania not only the preliminary censorship is absolutely prohibited, but also possibility of the state and its institutions to have the monopoly in public information and performing certain information activity is limited. Firstly, looking over the situation of legal regulation of information ownership, the specific features of property institution application to information are discussed, the conditions, when application of a property institution to information is possible, are specified. By stating that the problems of information ownership are solved via the institution of intellectual property, the survey of the main provisions of legal protection of intellectual property objects in the Republic of Lithuania are presented in the article.
