XIV-XV a. LDK varpai

LTStraipsnyje pirmą kartą lietuvių kalba apžvelgiami seniausieji Lietuvos varpai, iki šių dienų išlikę katalikų kulto pastatuose arba žinomi tik iš istorinių dokumentų. Pasitelkus faktologinį ir analitinį metodus, aptariama šių liejinių – muzikos instrumentų ir taikomosios dailės objektų – kilmė, radimosi Lietuvoje aplinkybės bei paskirtis, meninės ypatybės. Remiantis XX a. antrosios pusės tyrinėjimų duomenimis, verifikuojami kai kurie M. Brenšteino 1924 m. rašytos LDK liejybos apybraižos teiginiai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos liejyba; Lietuvos taikomoji dailė; Kampanologija; Varpai; Mykolas Brenšteinas; Lithuanian campanology; Lithuanian applied arts; Bells; Michal Brenstein.

ENIn 1856, historian Teodoras Narbutas published the first comprehensive description of a bell cast in Vilnius. This year may be regarded as the starting point of Lithuanian campanology. However, the next century was rather scarce in this regard. In 1924, ethnographer Michal Brenstein published (in Polish) "An Essay on Casting in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania", and only the third quarter of the 20th century saw the first publications of Lithuanian researchers on church bells of this country. The present paper, for the first time in the Lithuanian language, offers an overview and analysis of Lithuania’s oldest bells, some of them having survived up to the present days and others being known only from descriptions in the literature and from historical documents. Many of them are mentioned and briefly characterized by M. Brenstein in his essay. I gave a new, "Lithuanian" reading not only to this essay. Based on primary sources. I managed to significantly upgrade and expand M. Brenstein’s statements. Data collected by author and her colleagues in many-year expeditions helped to establish the present location of some of the bells mentioned by M. Brenstein and to supplement the chronological list of Lithuania’s oldest bells by newly found valuable items. Artistic analysis of the oldest Lithuanian bells is an essential part of the paper. Discussion if given to the shape, proportions, external inscriptions of these casts. The origin, structure and style of these religious and informative texts are analysed. [From the publication]