ENThe need to extend research on royal audiences at the court of the Polish Vasas was recently signalled by Ryszard Skowron in his article about the mission of the Spanish ambassador, Francisco de Mendoza, to Sigismund III in 1597.3 As a consequence of such studies, the court needs to be seen as a large spatial context in which various ceremonial interactions have taken place over the centuries. In my paper, I would like to raise the issue of royal hearings of diplomats of the Holy See during the reigns of Vasa’s dynasty rulers in Poland-Lithuania: Sigismund III, Władysław IV and John II Casimir (1587–1668). [...] [Extract, p. 224].