LT[...] Viena iš teisinio kalbos įtvirtinimo, tam tikrais atvejais ir jos teisių gynimo formų yra tautos kalbos paskelbimas valstybine. Valstybinė kalba - paprastai tai pagrindinė valstybės gyvenimo kalba, vartojama visose tos valstybės veiklos srityse. Valstybine kalba skelbiami įstatymai (jų originalai prireikus gali turėti ir oficialių vertimų į kitas kalbas, taip pat ir į kitas tos valstybės gyventojų vartojamas kalbas), šia kalba atliekama raštvedyba, ji yra pagrindinė teismo, mokymoir kt. sričių kalba. Koks vaidmuo lietuvių kalbai yra tekęs Lietuvos valstybės istorijoje? Neabejotina, kad senaisiais Didžiosios Lietuvos Kunigaikštystės (DLK) laikais, ypač jos galybės ir tikrosios didybės metu, šnekamoji lietuvių kalba buvo vartojama ir didžiųjų kunigaikščtių, ir daugelio didikų rūmuose, ir teisme, ir kitose kunigaikštystės institucijose. Tačiau nėra duomenų, kad ta kalba būtų vartota ir raštuose. Lietuvių raštija apskritai pasirodė tik XVI šimtmetyje, kai Lietuvos diduomenė tikriausiai nemaža dalimi jau buvo sulenkėjusi ar bent aplenkėjusi, o ar buvo kas rašoma lietuviškai anksčiau, galima tik spėlioti. [...] [Iš teksto, p. 58].
ENThe first part of this paper briefly surveys the usage of the Lithuanian language during the existence of the Lithuanian state. In spite of the fact that the governmental institutions of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania used Lithuanian, for the writing purposes the so-called office language of the Eastern Slavs, later Polish and Latin were used. At the end of the 18th century, after Lithuania was annexed to Russia, the Lithuanian language was completely replaced by Russian. For some time even the Lithuanian spelling was Russified by force. (Lithuanian press was banned from 1864 to 1904.) The year 1918 saw the restoration of independent Lithuania, and the Lithuanian language started to be used as a state language. In accordance with “The Constitution of the Lithuanian State“ adopted by the Constituent Diet in 1922, Lithuanian was declared the official state language. However in 1940, after the annexation of the independent Lithuanian Republic by the Soviet Union, Lithuanian lost its status as a state language. It regained its status in 1988, when the Supreme Council of the then Lithuanian SSR adopted an additional article to the Constitution. This article is repeated in the New Provisional Law of the independent Republic of Lithuania adopted on March 11, 1990. The second part of the present paper deals with the status of languages in the former Soviet Union. At the beginning of the 1940s, the language policy favoured the development ofthe so-called little languages. A number of languages were declared state languages within the borders of a separate union and autonomous republics. However, soon it was passed on the Great Russian Chauvinism-based assimilation of national minorities, The Russian language started to be widely used in all spheres of life of both union and autonomous republics. Exceptional conditions were created for the Russian language and Russian-speaking people.During the years of perestrojka, the influence of Russian increased considerably, supported by general Soviet policy toward non-Russians and their languages, which even allowed declaring Russian as an official language of the then USSR.