Tado Vrublevskio politinės minties bruožai
LTŠį straipsnį skirsime vieno iš krajovcų lyderių T. Vrublevskio (18581925) politinės minties evoliucijai. Aptarsime, kaip susiformavo esminės T. Vrublevskio Krašto koncepcijos sudedamosios dalys. Kaip ir kiekvienoje politinėje programoje, koncepcijoje ar apskritai ideologijoje svarbiausia yra tai, kokios visuomenės ar jos dalies interesus stengiamasi išreikšti. Greta bus analizuojama politinės veiklos tikslų bei metodų kaita. Taip pat trumpai apžvelgsime T. Vrublevskio politinę veiklą. Tokia analizė bus veiksmingesnė, jei nubrėšime chronologinius rėmus, kurie žyminaujų idėjų ar naujų orientyrų atsiradimą. Pirmuoju etapu laikytume laikotarpį nuo gimnazijos baigimo (1877 m.) iki 1890 m., kai T. Vrublevskis visam laikui apsistojo Vilniuje. Toliau, be jokios abejonės, kertine data laikytina 1905 m. revoliucija. Nuo šio momento prasideda ir krajovou, kaip idėjinės-politinės krypties, istorija. Tolesnio etapo ribą įžvelgtume apie 1920 m., kai Lucjano Żeligowskio (Liucijano Želigovskio) akcija galutinai sugriauna viltis įgyvendinti Krašto koncepciją. Likusius iki mirties maždaug penkerius metus T. Vrublevskio pažiūrose neįžvelgtume esminių pokyčių, tačiau kardinaliai pakitusios sąlygos leidžia nubrėžti atskirą etapą. Nors yra nemažai straipsnių ir viena nedidelės apimties knyga, tačiau praktiškai nė vienas T. Vrublevskio veiklos aspektas ar jo idėjinė orientacija iki šiol nuodugniau netirti. Šiame straipsnyje panaudota to meto periodika, prisiminimai, gausi epistolinė medžiaga. Kartu reikia pažymėti, kad dalis T. Vrublevskio rašytų bei jam adresuotų laiškų liko neperžiūrėta. Tačiau ir turima medžiaga, mūsų manymu, leidžia aprašyti T. Vrublevskio idėjinės-politinės evoliucijos kryptį [p. 150-151].
ENThe organisational ties and orientation of the ideological political trend of the krajowców are difficult to determine, although its main body (Mykolas Römeris, Liudvikas Abramovičius, Tadas Vrublevskis) and their political actions are well known. They aimed at the restoration of the GDL as a kind of multinational, multicultural (Poles, Lithuanians, Belorussians, each ethnocultural community having equal political rights) state. The evolution of political ideas of Vrublevskis (1858-1925) who occupies a special place among the krajowcy is discussed in the article. Vrublevskis grew up in a family which had old democratic traditions and which did not escape the post-uprisal repressions. He developed, mostly thanks to his mother, tolerance based on morality, and high principles of duty to the society to which he belonged. These principles were important in the choice of his profession - the law. For elucidation of the evolution of Vrublevskis’s political ideas the question whose (i. e. of which part of society) interests he considered important is of great interest. Up to 1890 the social factor and consideration for lower social classes are distinct in his views. The most important for the evolution of his political views is the period of 1890-1905. This year is considered to be the date of the birth of the concept of the kraj. At that period Vrublevskis focuses his attention on the problems of nationalities. In this concept - the concept of peaceful coexistence of three ethnocultural communities of the GDL - Vrublevskis’s view of Poles of the GDL was different from that of others. He considered all the Poles to be a single ethnocultural community. The Poles of the GDL were considered by other influential supporter of the krajowcy Abramovičius a separate ethnocultural community different from the Poles of Poland.In the notion of nationality Vrublevskis emphasised the subjective factor - the national consciousness, although he did not ignore another - objective, i. e. historic, geographical, cultural - factors which were emphasised by other supporters of the krajowcy. This view of Vrublevskis was opposed to the views of the nationalists emphasising objective but different factors. The supporters of the krajowcy aimed at the consolidation of the lands of the GDL on the basis of citizenship. Vrublevskis proposed a variant of the national corporations - a synthesis of the cultural and civic models - as the best way to avoid nationalist conflicts. In his practical activity he was for the restoration of a modernised GDL he considered. The education of all the society, raising its moral and cultural standards as the only way to realize his ideas. He came to this conclusion in his youth under the influence of the positivist concept of organic work. That was the main principle of his activity. Vrublevskis did not avoid contacts with representatives of various political trends; it seems that for this reason he was not fully trusted. After the military operation of Żeligowski, Vrublevskis became politically less active, although he took part in the activity of Tomas Zanas’s masonic lodge and co-operated with the Przegląd Wileński (Vilnius Review), the organ of the krajowcy. The analysis of political ideas of Vrublevskis, carried out in the context of this ideology, allows to consider Vilnius as the "focus” of his "life and work".
