Naiviojo meno apibrėžimo problema

LTLietuvos meno istorijos kontekste apskritai nedominuoja naiviojo meno sąvoka. Dažniau susiduriama su tautodailės, liaudies meno terminais. Nepaisant to, kad Lietuvos naiviojo meno atsovai pripažinti ir įtraukti į Pasaulinę naiviojo meno enciklopediją, Lietuvoje jie įvardijami kaip tautodailininkai, liaudies menininkai. Minėtos priežastys skatina pateikti naiviojo meno, primityvumo, primityvizmo, liaudies meno terminų apibrėžimus, pabrėžiant jų autonomiškumą. Įvardinti sąvokoms charakteringi bruožai, išryškins aspektus, kodėl naiviojo meno terminas neturėtų būti vartojamas kaip liaudies, primityvaus, primityvizmo sinonimas. Pateikti argumentai atsakys į klausimą, kodėl netikslinga naivųjį meną apibūdinti minėtais terminais. [o. 11].

ENIn the 20th century exhibitions started to display the art pieces of self-taught artists. The specific artistic expression that dominated in those works prompted theorists to look for a suitable definition that would describe the oneness of the artists. Various definitions dominated: “Sunday painters”, primitivists, outsiders, folk artists, etc. However, the concept of naive art has become the most acceptable to name this type of art. Till this day the concepts of naive art, primitiveness, primitivism and folk art have been used as synonyms in different sources. Such nivelation of terms causes confusion in the analysis of peculiarities of the naive or folk art, the features of the primitive fine arts or primitivism, etc. Despite the fact that each of the concepts is featured by distinctive characteristic attributes that define their uniqueness as well as peculiarities in the context of art history. The problem of terminology encourages paying attention to the concepts and defining those accentuating specific features and characteristic peculiarities. Especially that authors raise the question of the terminology of the naive art in publications and catalogue prolusions. This proves that the process of defining naive art still causes problems talking about this type of art. The concept of naive art has not dominated in the context of art history in Lithuania at all. The concept folk art has been encountered more frequently. Despite the fact that Lithuanian representatives of naive art have been recognized and entered into World Encyclopedia of Naive Art, they are still called as folk artists in Lithuania.The above reasons encourage to name the definitions of the concepts of naive art, primitiveness, primitivism and folk art stressing the autonomity of each of them. To name characteristic features, to accentuate aspects why the concept of naive art should not be used as a synonym of folk art, primitiveness or primitivism. Further arguments will answer the question why naive art should not be defined by the above concepts. The concept of primitive art covering the art of non-European cultures (Middle East and Asia, pre-Columbian fine arts, North American Indians, Africa and Oceania) and the pre-Renaissance fine arts at the end of the 20th century was used in the negative sense - it meant a behindhand and undeveloped art in comparison to traditions of plastic expression well-established in Europe. Primitiveness in fine arts is defined by misrepresentation and deformation of observable imaging principles formed in the Renaissance period (proportions, perspective, composition, etc.). The traditions of distinctive fine arts creation and distinctive conception of esthetics were evaluated and recognized by modernist artists. This might have been influenced by pieces of art - sculptures, masks, carvings, fabrics - that at the end of the 19th century came to Europe form Africa, Oceania and the continent of North-West America. Primitiveness that has gained the vertybine category in the context of art history is no longer used in the negative sense. Domination of the primitive artistic expression in the naive art determines the use of the concept “primitive” as a synonym of “naive” which causes obvious threat of confusion with early Italian painting or non-Western art.