Maria Tyszkiewiczówna (1871-1943): hrabianka z kręgu kobiet heroicznych

ENThe aim of the article is to present the life and activities of Maria Tyszkiewicz. From childhood, she was distinguished by the fact that she did not like balls, was interested in science, religion, horse riding, and Esperanto. She inherited a passion for charity from her parents and did a lot in this field in Kretinga, Palanga and Vilnius. M. Tyszkiewicz maintained contacts with Lithuanian priest who illegally published the newspaper „Tėvynės sargas" and helped them transport prints from Klaipėda to Kretinga and Palanga. She also personally knew the Lithuanian priest and poet Maironis, who in his poem Znad Biruty (From above Biruta) made Tyszkiewicz the prototype of the main character, Celina. In 1896, she made her debut in the newspaper „Tėvynės sargas" as the author of the story Viskantas. She published the novel Spójnik (Cohesive) (1902) in Warsaw. She did not gain fame as a writer, her most important field of activity was educational and social activities. During World War II, she was arrested by the NKVD and sent to a labor camp in Krasnoyarsk Krai, where she died. She retained her strength of spirit until the end and helped others. Keywords: Maria Tyszkiewicz, philanthropy, literature, cultural and educational activities, turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.

• Istorija / History
• Literatūrologija / Literary Studies