Vandenilio technologijų panaudojimo galimybės tvaraus krovininio transporto vystymosi kontekste

LTStraipsnyje aptariami vandenilio technologijų vertinimai tvaraus krovininio transporto vystymosi kontekste. Taip pat atskleidžiama vandenilio technologijų panaudojimo galimybės krovininiame transporte, siekiant sumažinti aplinkos taršą bei galimi infrastruktūros sukūrimo terminai ir vandenilio gavimo būdai. Net ir šiuolaikinio krovininio transporto CO2 kiekis išmetamosiose dujose vienareikšmiškai yra per didelis. Tam, kad būtų galima sumažinti taršą, ieškoma sprendimų, vienas jų – vandeniliu varomi varikliai. Tam, kad ši alternatyvaus kuro sritis būtų plėtojama, reikalinga valstybės iniciatyva, investicijos ir palaikymas bei galimybės prisijungti prie ES vykdomų projektų, kuriant tvaraus transporto vystymąsi. Reikšminiai žodžiai: tvarus kuras, vandenilio technologijos, krovininis transportas.

ENThe article discusses the assessment of hydrogen technologies in the context of sustainable freight transport development. In addition, the possibilities of using hydrogen technologies in freight transport to reduce environmental pollution as well as possible deadlines for the development of infrastructure and possibilities of hydrogen production are shown. Even the CO2 emissions of modern goods transport are clearly too high. Pollution reduction solutions are being sought, including hydrogen-powered engines. For this area of alternative fuels to be developed, government initiative, investment and support as well as opportunities to participate in EU projects for the development of sustainable transport are required. Nowadays, the most highlighted problem is global warming associated with excessive pollution. There is much talk that the ever-growing freight transport sector needs changes due to excessive CO2 emissions (Ozin and Ghoussoub, 2020). After a study of trucks that travel an average of 180,000 thousand kilometers a year and use different types of fuel, it was found that diesel trucks emit 223 tons of CO2, LNG vehicles 111.5 tons of CO2 and SBD vehicles 178.4 tons. (Gustafsson and Svenson, 2021). To change the situation renewable energy sources (sun, wind, water) are used. These innovations require large investments, but if we want to save our planet, it is inevitable. One way to achieve this could be to replace today's diesel and natural gas engines with hydrogen-based engines. Hydrogen is a relatively new and alternative fuel that is increasingly being used around the world (Matijošius, 2018). This chemical element can be used as a raw material or fuel and has various applications in the industrial, transport and energy sectors. The aim of the work is to analyse the possibilities of using hydrogen technologies in the context of sustainable freight transport development.Work tasks: 1. To describe the process of hydrogen production and components of the equipment of a cargo vehicle using hydrogen as a fuel. 2. To present the main aspects and stages of the development of H2 technology network infrastructure in Lithuania. 3. To distinguish the main directions of the development of H2 technology network in other countries of the world. Research method: overview of countries undertaking certain activities related to the development of hydrogen fuel technologies in the transport sector. Conclusions 1. Although hydrogen is a common chemical element on earth, it is mostly found in specific chemical compounds rather than in its pure form. Various technologies are used for purification, such as the reforming process, artificial photosynthesis, electrolysis. 2. The introduction of hydrogen technologies in the transport sector is promoted by the following factors: a very significant increase in energy efficiency and a huge reduction in air pollution compared to conventional polluting vehicles. When analysing a hydrogen-powered truck, we find that its equipment consists of four main components. This includes a hydrogen fuel cell, a battery, an electric motor and transmission, and a fuel tank. 3. After analysing the development of H2 technology network structures in Lithuania, it appears that the goal of our country's infrastructure is to keep up with other countries to start using this alternative fuel. Adopted legal acts and policies, that envisage the scenario and development stages of this infrastructure, will make it possible to perfectly prepare this technology for the transport system. 4. If we look at other economic countries, we see that their challenge lies in certain H2 infrastructure development methods, choosing the right usage methods, but also in the direction of hydrogen as a sustainable fuel. There are plans to invest in hydrogen fuel infrastructure in the near future.Also, after examining the hydrogen integration programmes in the transport sector carried out by other countries of the world, it is concluded that hydrogen is the fuel of the future not only in the context of freight transport, but also in other vehicles and industries. Keywords: sustainable fuel, hydrogen technologies, freight transport.