Репродуктивні права людини: міжнародні стандарти, досвід України та Литви

ENThe article deals with the issues of international standards, and the experience of Lithuania in ensuring reproductive human rights. The authors focus on the fact that with the rapid development of technologies, including medical ones, the issue of proper provision of the reproductive rights of the individual belonging to somatic human rights has become acute. It is noted that at present legal regulation in European countries is differentiated and contains some gaps. The article demonstrates that numerous international documents regulate issues related to human reproductive rights, and set certain standards that governments of member states should be guided by. However, as the authors note, the insufficient level of development of legislation requires the introduction of recommended changes. It has been established that, despite the lack of a uniform approach and fundamental positions on the implementation of reproductive rights in international law, countries have chosen their own way of legal regulation. At the same time, as the authors note, the study of the legal regulation of reproductive human rights in Ukraine and Lithuania will make it possible to use the foreign experience to form a highquality state policy in the sphere of exercising a person’s reproductive rights. It is emphasized that the studied area is in a state of constant development, therefore, legal relations arising in connection with the exercise by a person of their reproductive rights should be properly ensured by each state.The article focuses on the fact that the obligations assumed by countries must be provided with specific guarantees in order to avoid the declarative nature of the regulation of reproductive human rights. Thus, obligatory and advisory provisions of international acts are subject to observance and consideration. The article notes that the introduction of bills related to reproductive human rights to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine demonstrates public awareness of the importance of this area. Therefore, the authors consider it urgent to adopt a separate law that would regulate the use of assisted reproductive technologies in Ukraine. The article focuses on the fact that the Republic of Lithuania should pay attention to the proper functioning of the mechanism for ensuring reproductive human rights by adopting an appropriate law on reproductive rights as an independent category. The authors conclude that these innovations will allow the Republic of Lithuania to properly regulate certain types of medical technologies related to human reproduction. Keywords: reproductive rights, reproductive health, assisted reproductive technologies, reproductive function, reproductive relations, assisted reproduction.