Problematyka międzynarodowa w konstytucjach Chorwacji, Czech i Litwy
ENThe article discusses the questions of international issues regulated by the Constitutions of Croatia, the Czech Republic and Lithuania. The study is concerned both with international and constitutional law. International law regulates the whole of international powers of the state, resulting from its being a carrier of international rights. Constitutional regulation, however, defines the competence of particular state agencies that realize those rights in practice. The problems of international questions present in the three Constitutions were divided into three theme-groups: rights of state agencies concerning the concluding of treaties, the competence of state authority agencies concerning the realization of foreign policy and the relation between international and constitutional law. The analysis of the provisions of the Constitutions that deal with the powers of the state agencies concerning the concluding of treaties and realization of foreign policy demonstrates that the adopted legislative solutions largely resemble the analogous and commonly accepted provisions that function in the constitutions of states with a parliamentary system. The fact must be emphasized of the direct regulation by the three Constitutions of the position of international law in the state's constitutional order. For this is a question which has been explicitly regulated in the international order. The Constitutions of Croatia and Lithuania ensure the effectiveness of international law through “transformation” while the Czech Constitution does so through “direct binding force”. The problems discussed draw attention to a broader tendency that reflects the presence in a number of constitutions, both in Western democracies and the former Eastern-bloc countries, of certain standards that regulate almost analogously the international questions dealt with in them.
