Klaipėdos Šv. Jono bažnyčios vietos XVI-XIX a. užstatymas

LT2022 m. rugpjūčio 29 d. - lapkričio 8 d. KU BRIAI vykdė detaliuosius tyrinėjimus buvusios Klaipėdos Šv. Jono evangelikų liuteronų bažnyčios (nugriautos po Antrojo pasaulinio karo (1946-1947 m.)) (UK 42597) vietoje (Turgaus g. 24). Tyrimų užsakovas - Kultūros infrastruktūros centras kartu su Klaipėdos miesto evangelikų liuteronų parapija ir Klaipėdos miesto savivaldybe. 2022 m. tęstinių detaliųjų tyrimų tikslas - praplėsti 2020-2021 m. tirtą plotą 1 į PV pusę atidengiant bažnyčios bokšto V sienos pamatų pjūvį, ištiriant kultūrinį sluoksnį iki įžemio ir galutinai paruošiant prieigą bokšto statybai. Tęstiniais tyrimais taip pat buvo siekta užbaigti 2021 m. neištirtą ploto dalį prie bokšto P sienos pamatų. Siekiant koordinuoti bažnyčios pastato R ir Š kampus atlikti žvalgomieji tyrimai R. Sprainaičio 1994-1995 m. tyrinėtose perkasose. 2022 m. plotas buvo išplėstas 6 m į PV pusę nuo bokšto V sienos pamatų. Jis apima 21 x 6 m dydžio teritoriją (126 m2), kuri tirta iki įžemio arba aptiktų struktūrų viršaus. Neužbaigtos dalies kasinėjimai prie bokšto P sienos apėmė 40 m2 dydžio plotą, ten iki įžemio ištirtas apie 1 m storio likęs kultūrinis sluoksnis. Žvalgymais bažnyčios R ir Š kampuose buvo tirtos 5 x 5 m (prie Tomo gatvės) ir 5 x 4 m (prie Turgaus gatvės) dydžio perkasos negiliau kaip 1,1 m (iš viso 45 m2). Nauja numeracija perkasoms nesuteikta [p. 252].

ENThe 2022 excavation at the tower site of Klaipėda’s former Evangelical Lutheran Church of St John (demolished in 1946-1947) continued with a 126 m2 expansion of earlier trenches, the completion of the remaining part of the area remaining from 2021 (40 m2), and, in coordination with a survey, the church’s N and E corners (2 trenches no deeper than 1.1 m and totalling 45 m2). The investigation determined the cultural layer to be 3-3.7 m thick (5 m inside the well) with sterile soil reached on average at Habs 0.95 m. The stratigraphy of the layers had been unavoidably destroyed in many places due to the replacement of buildings, the construction of the church tower, and the post-war laying of utility lines. The layers in the excavation expansion area are connected with the remains of 16th-19th-century urban development between the city’s fires. The masonry or half-timbered buildings existed between 1678-1854 while the church was still standing. For this reason, no burials were made in the SW part beyond the towers W wall and the excavation found none there. Below these structureslay wooden and half-timbered structures from between the 1540-1678 fires; after linking the 2021-2022 investigation data, buildings were identified in at least 5 locations: 2 half-timbered with masonry foundations and timber grillage (one of which was used in constructing the tower’s foundation), the rest wood framed. The significant finds included a 3 m deep, 1.5 x 1.5 m wooden well with a 7-plank lining and 4 uprights at the top and containing a small wooden pail and a small birch bark pail. The well was disassembled and, together with the finds discovered within it, turned over to the MLIM for conservation and restoration.The earliest urban development dated to prior to the 1540 fire was fairly severely disturbed by the replacement of buildings. One of them, wood frame building 4, based an investigation of the wood, was dated to c. 1538. In excavating the well to Habs 0.60 m, part of another building dated to 1528 was uncovered. The remains of wooden floors and piers, which were impossible to connect with a building due to the limited material, were found at various locations. These finds were dated to the early 16th century. The investigation yielded 275 16th-19th-century finds (household and structural ceramics, isolated coins, clothing elements, and animal bones), including a 17th-century epitaph panel for the governor-commandant of the Klaipėda fortress. A total of 2390 finds were recorded overall including 1339 bone, tooth, horn, and antler fragments weighing 38.7 kg. The investigated zooarchaeological material had survived fairly well, the fragments being of various sizes, but had a tendency to crumble, with the remains of land mammals, mostly domestic, predominating (94.3 %), but also including 71 (5.3 %) avian and 5 (0.4 %) fish bone fragments.