Švenčionių dvaras

LT2022 m. Švenčionių dvarvietėje (Švenčionys, Mokyklos g. 23) ir platesnėje jos aplinkoje - planuojamame sutvarkyti Kūnos upelio slėnyje - vykdyti žvalgomieji tyrimai ir žvalgymai. Teritorijos nėra saugomos kaip nekilnojamoji kultūros vertybė. Tyrimai inicijuoti mokslinio pažinimo tikslais ir kaip dalis ŠNM vykdomo projekto „Vytauto Didžiojo dvaras Švenčionyse - Lietuvos valstybės ištakas menančio kultūros paveldo aktualizavimas“. Tyrimai iš dalies finansuoti Lietuvos kultūros tarybos ir Švenčionių rajono savivaldybės. Švenčionių dvaro istorija kaip ir miesto raida netyrinėta. Istoriografijoje aptinkame tik negausių užuominų apie šią valstybinę valdą [p. 180-181].

ENAn attempt to locate the site of Švenčionys Manor was carried out in the N part of the town of Švenčionys (23 Mokyklos St. and its surroundings), on the right bank of the Kuna stream. The area is not protected as an immovable cultural heritage property. Cartographic and geophysical methods were applied prior to the excavation, which comprised 8 trenches (5 x 2 m each) and 8 test pits (2 x 2 m each) with a total area of 112 m2. The excavation revealed archaeological layers and structures from the 16th-20th centuries, as well as earlier structures from the 13th-15th centuries. Some of the archaeological structures were dated using radiocarbon (5 datesin total), while other layers and structures were dated according to the typology of the finds. It was determined that Švenčionys Manor was located on an oval hill (60 x 30 m) on the right bank of the Kuna stream, the slopes of which were composed of two terraces, but only the SE part of the terraces is preserved. In the NW part of the hill, remnants of a 13th-century building were found, including a hearth (?) and two postholes with stones. The first terrace contained several more postholes, two of which were dated to the 15th-17th centuries. The archaeological layer on the hill and on the first terrace was 17-81 cm thick, but there was no distinction between periods. The finds there in were dated from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The pottery fragments may belong to an earlier period, and later finds were distributed in the upper levels of the archaeological layer.Another early structure was discovered in the surroundings of the manor, at the S foot of the hill: a hearth dating from the 14th to early 15th centuries. The thickness of the archaeological layer to the S and SE of the hill was 22-55 cm, and it was dated to the 17th-19th centuries, possibly earlier. The layer was heavily disturbed by later agricultural activity. The farmstead part of the manor at the foot of the hill remained until around 1910, and was later replaced by Soviet farm buildings. The upper stratigraphy was aggressively levelled: the late 19th- and 20th-century archaeological layers contained rubble and gravel, ranging from 17 to 57 cm thickness. Of the foundations ofthe manor buildings, those of the great granary (or a barn) were found under the levelling layer at a depth of around 40 cm, and they date back to the 19th century. Some of the wooden outbuildings may have lacked stone foundations, and their locations are only indicated by the presence of postholes. During the excavation, 245 artefacts and 8 special finds were catalogued, attributed to the 13th-20th centuries. Notable finds include fragments of late-16th or early 17th-century green-glazed panel stove tiles decorated with a Moresque ornament and a rare sherd of a 16th-century Raeren pottery jug.