Kauno pilies XVI a. bastėja

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Collection:
Sklaidos publikacijos / Dissemination publications
Document Type:
Žurnalų straipsniai / Journal articles
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Kauno pilies XVI a. bastėja
Alternative Title:
16th-century bastion of Kaunas Castle
Summary / Abstract:

LT2009 m. Kauno pilies XVI a. bastėjos kiemo archeologinių tyrinėjimų tikslas buvo iki galo ištirti bastėjos kiemą, esantį tarp antros mūrinės pilies PR bokšto ir žiedinės bastėjos sienos, kur ateityje numatoma išdėstyti Kauno pilies inžinerinę infrastruktūrą ir suprojektuoti visuomeninės paskirties patalpas. Bastėjos kiemo plotas yra apie 619 m2. Archeologinių tyrinėjimų metu buvo ištirtas 586 m2 plotas tarp bastėjos sienų ir pilies PV bokšto. Liko neištirtas 33 m2 plotas prie pilies R sienos ir PR bokšto kampo, kur praeina 4 elektros kabeliai, bei 18 m2 plotas bastėjos kieme prie PR bokšto PR pusės. Iki galo ištirti šią vietą uždraudė KPD Kauno TP, motyvuodamas, kad visiškai iškasus tyrinėjamą plotą, gali kilti grėsmė pilies PR bokšto pamatų stabilumui. 1993 m. atliekant šaudyklos galerijos ir koridoriaus skliauto hidroizoliaciją, buvo suardyti virš Š šaudyklos skliautų buvę kultūriniai sluoksniai. Šie remonto darbai buvo atlikti be archeologinių tyrinėjimų. Kultūrinių sluoksnių nebelikę ir 1954 m. P. Tarasenkos iškastos perkasos vietoje, kuri yra tarp bokšto perimetro 21–23 metrų ir P kryptimi tęsiasi iki bastėjos sienos, o taip pat K. Meko 1958 m. iškastos nedidelės perkasos vietoje prie PR bokšto ir P sienos kampo. Tyrinėjimų metu nustatyta, kad restauruojant bastėją kultūriniai sluoksniai nukasti prie bastėjos mūro V galo ir PV šaudymo angas apsaugančio betoninio sarkofago vietoje [p. 195].

ENDuring the 2009 excavation of the 16th century bastion of Kaunas Castle a total of 586 m2 were excavated. A 3.2–7.1 m thick cultural layer, the thickest part of which was near the bastion’s walls, was found in the bastion’s yard. The cultural layer near the castle’s SE tower was 3.2 m. The cultural layer from an unfortified settlement that existed here prior to the erection of the castles has survived as only a 2–10 m wide strip near the castle’s SE tower and S wall. The brooch found in it allows the settlement’s cultural layer to be more precisely dated to the 11th–12th centuries. In erecting the first masonry castle in the mid-14th century, layers of gravel and sandy loam were used as fill on the outside of the castle’s walls, raising the ground surface over 2–2.5 m. The edge of the slope of the first castle’s moat was about 11 m from the E and 10–12 m from the S walls. The moat’s wall slopes at an angle of a 25–50°. The remains of the first castle’s outwork tower and curtain wall, on which the masonry walls of the 14th-century bastion were erected, were found in the SE part of the bastion’s yard. The NW wall of the first castle’s SE outwork tower was 9.48 m wide and made of large field stones bound with lime mortar. The remains of an interior stair landing and two flights of stairs were found in the tower’s wall. The tower and S wall of the second masonry castle was erected from a height of Habs 29.00–29.20 m. The foundations of the SE tower were sunk up to 2.2–2.6 m into the ground near the S and E walls and up to 3.9 m deep in the most outwardly projecting part of the tower. The bottom of the foundation of the castle’s S wall is at a depth of 1.7–2.15 m below the former ground surface and the bottom of the E wall’s foundation is at a depth of about 1.2 m.The length of the inside perimeter of the bastion’s ring wall that was erected in the 16th century is 72–72.05 m. The upper part of the bastion’s wall is made of bricks bound using Gothic and Renaissance methods, the lower part of rows of large field stones. After erecting the ring wall, an underground firing gallery and corridors connecting the gallery with the basement of the castle’s SE tower were built in the N part of the bastion’s yard. During the restoration, a concrete sarcophagus protecting the firing apertures was built in the SW part of the bastion’s yard. Finds dating to the 10th–20th centuries were discovered during the excavation. These include 10th–12th-century vessel sherds and part of a brooch, mid-14th-century arrowheads and crossbow bolt heads, and sherds of various 15th–19th-century household pottery, roof tiles, and stove tiles.

ISSN:
1392-5512
Permalink:
https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/111288
Updated:
2026-05-19 10:35:00
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