Vilniaus pilies teritorijos tyrimai 2002-2009 metais

LTVilniaus pilys su prieigomis užima apie 60 ha teritoriją. Jau XIV a. Vilniaus pilių kompleksą kairiajame Neries krante sudarė dvi pilys: Kreivoji ir Vilniaus. Kreivoji (iki 1390 m.), pagal tradicinę istoriografinę nuomonę, išsidėsčiusi Altarijos kalvyne dešiniajame Vilnios krante. Pagrindiniai jos įtvirtinimai, kaip spėjama, yra buvę Trijų kryžių kalne. Naujausioje istoriografijoje patvirtinama, kad nei tradicinė, nei Jerzy Stanisławo Ochmańskio Kreivosios pilies lokalizacijos ties Užupio priemiesčiu teorijos nėra visai įtikinamos. XIV a. Vilniaus pilies gynybinės sienos tarp Vilnios žemupio vagų juosė apie 10 ha teritoriją [p. 164].

ENThe grounds of the GDL Royal Palace are at the SW foot of Castle Hill between Castle Hill and the Cathedral. The 1988–2001 investigations can be called academic since the scientific investigation of the grounds was a priority at that time with no construction work taking place in the area. In 1995 the preliminary investigation results were formulated: 1 – the earliest inhabitation of the SW slope of Castle Hill had started in the 5th century; 2 – the earliest masonry structures were from the second half of the 13th–14th century; 3 – the first stage in the construction of the Palace occurred in the first half of the 15th century; 4 – the second stage was connected with the expansion and reconstruction of the Palace in the first half of the 16th century (1520(?)–1530) (Palace basements T, U, V, W, the second floor of the E and S buildings, the gallery of the S building, the inner courtyard’s stairwell, and the S building’s large external stairwell; and 5 – the third stage occurred in the late 16th century and early 17th century. The period from the 1610 fire to the beginning of the palace’s recreation in 2002 remained unquestioned. After the realisation of the Palace recreation project began in 2002, the investigation of the SW foot of Castle Hill intensified. During 2002–2009, construction work occurred in this area and therefore scientific investigation was not a priority. In 2002 about one third of the investigation consisted of material documented during the academic investigation. The reports prepared since 2003 on the investigation of the Palace grounds do not reflect the entire investigated area.Despite the fast pace of the investigation, several new conclusions or conclusions correcting older intermediate conclusions have been made: 1 – the earliest masonry buildings and defensive fortifications of the small yard date to the first half of the 14th century (late 13th century?); 2 – the construction stage of the GDL royal residence occurred in the second and third decades of the 16th century (c. 1511–1529); 3 – the second expansion stage occurred in the fifth decade of the 16th century (c. 1544–1548); 4 – the third expansion stage was in the sixth and seventh (?) decades of the 16th century (c. 1552–1565); and 5 – its reconstruction (or expansion?) took place in the second and third decades of the 17th century (c. 1610–1627). The final conclusions will depend on the interpretation of the fully documented investigation material. As has already been shown, the conclusions of the latest publication by N. Kitkauskas, who has long investigated the palace’s architecture, have been obtained using different investigation methods and still do not sufficiently agree with the rest. The harmonisation of the results obtained using different investigation methods still needs to be pursued.