Tyrinėjimai Joniškyje

LT2010 m. JIKM ir ŠAM atliko nedidelės apimties žvalgomuosius tyrinėjimus ir žvalgymus keliose Joniškio senamiesčio (A1901) vietose-Šiaulių Senojoje g. 11–13 ir Miesto a. 4b. Iš viso 2010 m. Joniškio mieste ištirtas bendras 16,6 m2 plotas, žvalgytas bendras 47,8 m2 plotas. Tyrinėtose vietose aptikti XVII–XVIII a. datuojami kultūriniai sluoksniai su radiniais, pamatais. Kalbant apie atidengtų minėtų mūrinių pastatų pamatus, jų vietoje stovėję namai 1703 m. Joniškio miesto piešinyje nėra išryškinti taip, kaip į P pavaizduota rotušė ar kiti 2 pastatai į V nuo bažnyčios. Prie jų surinkti radiniai datuoti plačiu laikotarpiu-XVII–XVIII a. Šios aplinkybės leistų manyti, kad tyrinėtoje vietoje mūriniai pastatai statyti po piešinio sukūrimo. Šiam teiginiui patvirtinti ir paneigti reikia platesnių archeologinių tyrinėjimų bei istorinių šaltinių analizės. Tarp įdomesnių XIX a. radinių minėtini Bauskės ir Rygos alaus daryklų skaidraus ir rudo stiklo butelių šukės, molinė raudona plyta su 1890 m. data, iki 1911 m. (?) Raudonosios sinagogos gaisro joje buvusių langų stiklo šukės (5 mm storio). Tyrimų metu pavyko užfiksuoti užpilto pastato cokolio aukštį (20–130 cm) ir pamatų gylį (44–65 cm). Labiausiai cokolis užpiltas pastato R dalyje-per 1,3 m. Remiantis 2010 m. atliktų žvalgomųjų tyrinėjimų rezultatais, galima teigti, kad Raudonosios sinagogos restauravimo techniniame projekte pateiktas cokolio ir pamatų aukštis yra netikslus. Šis atvejis dar kartą patvirtina žvalgomųjų tyrinėjimų būtinybę prieš rengiant pastatų restauravimo techninius projektus. [...] [p. 318, 330].

ENIn 2010, a small scale survey (47.8 m2) and excavation (16.6 m2) were conducted at a couple of Joniškis old town sites: Šiaulių Senojoje st. 11–13 and Miesto sq. 4b. 17th–18th century cultural layers with finds and foundations were discovered at the investigation sites. A total of 6 m2 were excavated at Šiaulių Senojoje st. 11–13 and 17th–18th century hand thrown rustic and glazed oxidation ceramics and other finds were collected. The excavation at Miesto sq. 4b (site of the Red synagogue) yielded valuable information about the development of the plots in the E part of the then market square. According to some investigators, the synagogue was built in 1865, according to A. Miškinis circa 1842. It burnt down in 1911 and was soon rebuilt. Until the fire, the roof was an equilateral triangular. Flats, a boiler room, and a storeroom were created in the Red Synagogue in the second half of the 20th century. One brick among those from the E wall, which was demolished in 2007, had the date 1890. 41.8 m2 was surveyed at the site of three routes and 16.6 m2 excavated in test pits (a total of 58.4 m2).In summarising the investigation at Miesto sq. 4b (the site of the Red Synagogue), it was stated that at a depth of 1–1.05 m (test pits 1–3) and 1.53–1.64 m (test pit 4) under a thick fill layer from the second half of the 20th century, undisturbed cultural layers were discovered with 17th–18th century finds (bricks (some with adhering lime mortar), hand-forged iron nails, a door escutcheon, fragments of Dutch roof tiles, hand thrown rustic, oxidation glazed and unglazed, and faience ceramics, fragments of "pot-shaped" (with an exceptional oval mouth) (Topfkacheln) and panel (Blattkacheln) glazed and unglazed stove tiles, the bottoms of two 17th century glass mugs, a bottle bottom, part of a medicine bottle, three copper John II Casimir 16?? shillings, a lead musket ball, a white kaolin pipe stem, the head and another piece of a brown clay pipe from the second half of the 17th century, a 17th-19th century iron spur, and four shoe heel plates and plate pieces. The foundations, from the period of the synagogue, of the nearby town hall (Miesto sq. 4a), 1‑2 other buildings (foundations created using stones with adhering lime mortar having been discovered in three places), and of the synagogue, which was erected in the 19th century, were also discovered. Most of the finds were collected in a pit depression in test pit 3. Sterile brown clay was reached at a depth of 1.32–1.73 m below the current ground surface (Habs 48.06–48.75 m).Among the most abundant 19th century finds should be mentioned stove tiles and oxidation glazed ceramics, and among the more interesting the shards of clear and brown glass bottles from the Bauskė and Rīga breweries, a red clay brick with the date 1890, and window glass shards, which had been in a fire, from the Red Synagogue that had existed up until 1911 (?). The height (20–130 cm) of the filled in socle and the depth of the foundation (44-65 cm) were recorded during the investigation. The deepest fill (1.3 m) in the socle was in the E part of the building.