Miesto aikštė 4B

LT2011 m. keliose Joniškio senojo miesto (A1901, UK 30329) vietose-miesto aikštėje 4B (iškastos 9 trasos, ištirtas ir žvalgytas bendras 192 m2 plotas) ir Medžiotojų g. 1 (žvalgytas 1,1 m2 plotas, sluoksniai suardyti) JIKM atliko žvalgomuosius tyrinėjimus ir žvalgymus. Tęsiami tyrinėjimai Miesto aikštėje 4B (Raudonosios sinagogos aplinkoje, vandens, kanalizacijos, lietaus nuotekų, šiluminės, elektros trasų vietose) suteikė papildomos informacijos apie tuometinės turgaus aikštės R dalies sklypų užstatymo raidą XVI–XIX a. Su 2010 m. tyrinėtu 58,4 m2 plotu (ATL 2010 metais, Vilnius, 2011, p. 318–331) per 2 tyrinėjimų sezonus (2010–2011 m.) buvo ištirtas bendras 250,4 m2 plotas. Tranšėjų 4–13, atidengtų pamatų 1–6 ir duobių 2–5 numeracija tęstinė nuo 2010 m. Greta esančios Baltosios sinagogos, XVII-XVIII a. stovėjusios rotušės vietos aplinkoje, miesto aikštėje 4A, 2006 m. ištirtas 32 m2, žvalgytas bendras 80 m2 plotas (ATL 2006 metais, Vilnius, 2007, p. 283–287), 2007 m. ištirtas 1,5 m2 plotas (žr. ATL 2007 metais, Vilnius, 2008, p. 327). Taigi, miesto aikštėje, 4A–B sklype per 4 tyrinėjimų sezonus ištirtas ir žvalgytas bendras 363,9 m2 plotas. 2011 m. tyrinėjimai papildė duomenis apie joniškio urbanistinę raidą XVI–XIX a., pastatus (aptiktos kelių pastatų liekanos), sklypus. Pastebėta, kad 2010–2011 m. aptikti XVII–XVIII a. pastatų pamatai daugiausia orientuoti R–V (kaip ir aikštės V pusėje), bet ne ŠV–PR kryptimis (taip, kaip dabar orientuoti miesto aikštėje 4A–B ir gretimi Upytės gatvės sklypų statiniai). Tai leistų manyti, kad Joniškio Turgaus aikštė XVII-XIX a. I pusėje (iki sinagogų pastatymo ir sklypų perplanavimo aikštės PR dalyje) yra buvusi renesansinė (stačiakampio plano), bet ne radialinė. [...] [p. 369, 378].

ENIn 2011, field evaluations were conducted at several locations in Joniškis (N Lithuania) old town: Miesto sq. 4B (the excavation of a total of 192 m2) and Medžiotojų st. 1 (the survey of 1.1 m2 with destroyed layers). A total of 250.4 m2 (58.4 m2 in 2010) has been excavated during two seasons (20102011) in Miesto sq. 4B (in the vicinity of the Red Synagogue). In 2011, intact 14–70 cm thick cultural layers with sparse 16th–19th century finds were discovered at Miesto sq. 4B under a fairly thick fill layer from the second half of the 20th century. The finds included bricks (some with adhering lime mortar), hand-forged iron nails, part of a door hinge, fragments of Dutch roof tiles, sherds of hand built, partly thrown, and thrown rustic, thrown oxidation glazed and unglazed, 19th century blackware, and faience ceramics (some with the inscription "Кузнецова"), 17th  first half of the 19th century "pot-shaped" (Topfkacheln) (with round and square mouths), panel (Blattkacheln), and cornice (Gesimskacheln) glazed and unglazed stove tiles (with late 18th first half of the 19th century floral and geometric motifs), 3 copper John II Casimir 16?? shillings, a white kaolin pipe stem, part of a 17th–19th century iron spur, glass bottle bases and wine bottle shards from the late 18th first half of the 19th century (one of which was reconstructed), and the base of a small glass medicine (?) bottle from the second half of the 17th century. Shards (several hundred) of clear and brown glass bottles from Odessa, Riga (3 specimens), Šiauliai Gubernija (brown and clear glass specimens), and other undetermined specimens) breweries that were found together in storage pit 4 should be mentioned among the other late 19th early 20th century finds.These finds came from the nearby town hall, which stood at Miesto sq. 4A during the 17th–18th centuries, the neighbouring plots with two-three wooden and two masonry buildings, and from the construction of the synagogue in the 19th century. 16th–19th century objects were discovered at the excavated sites: segments of 6 stone foundations (some with adhering lime mortar), brick paving, and storage pits 3–5. It was possible to determine the size of the masonry building erected in the late 18th first half of the 19th century (On the basis of a glass bottle, its chronology can be narrowed to 1815–1830) as 17.2 x 8.2 m with interior rooms up to 6–6.2 m wide. A 4–6 cm thick layer of rotten floor boards was unearthed above the sterile soil in this building. A 38 cm thick layer of brown and grey soil with finds was unearthed in the layer above the layer of rot. The 2011 excavations supplemented the data about the urbanistic development of joniškis during the 16th–19th centuries and about its buildings (the remains of several buildings having been discovered). The fragmentary recording of the early 16th–18th century layers (mostly in the vicinity of the Red Synagogue) should be explained by the fact that the city’s development was concentrated mostly in the vicinity of Turgaus square. The small quantity of modern age finds recorded in the other excavated and surveyed trenches (6, 9, 10) to the E of the synagogue should be explained by the fact that the courtyards and gardens of the city’s houses had existed at those locations or that the cultural layers near Upytės street had been destroyed in erecting huge masonry and wooden buildings in the late 18th–19th centuries.