Pranciškonų bažnyčios Vilniuje šventoriaus tyrimai

LT2011 m. APC atliko archeologinius tyrinėjimus Švč. mergelės marijos ėmimo į dangų (Pranciškonų) bažnyčios (UK 25024) teritorijoje (Vilnius, Trakų g. 9/1). Tyrinėjimai vykdyti tiesiamų lietaus nuotekynės tinklų vietose, kur ištirtas 297,5 m2 plotas. Bažnyčios šventoriaus Š dalyje iki projektinio gylio kastos 8 perkasos. Įžemis pasiektas tik perkasos 1 R pusėje ir perkasoje 2. Perkasose 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 aptikta 70 nesuardytų ar dalinai apardytų griautinių kapų (9–79 kapų numeracija tęstinė nuo 2010 m.). Iš jų vyrų-32, moterų-22, vaikų ir paauglių-14. Neidentifikuoti 6 skeletai. 30–50 m. amžiaus asmenys sudaro didžiausią grupę (28 kapai), nuo 20 iki 35 m.-10 kapų, per 50 m.-3 kapai. Vaikų iki 8 m. 9 kapai, nuo 10 iki 20 m.-6 kapai. 14 asmenų amžius nenustatytas. 4 kapuose (19, 30, 33, 58) aptikti sumaišyti 2 asmenų palaikai. mirusieji guldyti galva į V (40 kapų), PV (18 kapų), Š (5 kapai), ŠV (2 kapai) ir P (3 kapai) pusę. jie veikiausiai laidoti mediniuose karstuose. Sluoksnyje aptikta nemažai geležinių karsto vinių, prie kai kurių skeletų pastebėtos supuvusios medienos žymės. Medinio karsto lentos geriau išlikusios tik kape 61. 6 kapuose (11, 20, 22, 62, 78) rastos įkapės. Aptikti radiniai leidžia teigti, jog kapai yra ne vėlesni kaip XVI a. II pusės-XVII a. Tranšėjos V dalyje, tarp šulinio ir XVIII a. pastato aptikta ne mažiau kaip 26 suaugusių asmenų ir 5 vaikų žmonių kaulų iš suardytų kapų. Nesuardytų kapų neaptikta. Tranšėjose, kastose į R nuo atkastų mūrų ir prie koplyčios pamatų, rastos smulkios žmonių kaulų nuolaužos. Iškastose tranšėjose rasti XVII–XVIII a. datuojami radiniai: žalia glazūra glazūruotos grindų plytelės, nerviūrinės plytos, buitinės keramikos, plokštinių koklių fragmentai. [...] [p. 343, 354].

ENIn 2011, the APC conducted an excavation (about 297.5 m2) on the grounds of the church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin mary (Franciscan) (Trakų st. 9/1, Vilnius). Eight trenches (215 m2) were excavated near the church’s N façade. Trenches (82.5 m2) were also excavated near the Suzina Family Chapel. The cultural layer in the excavated areas was up to 3.9 m thick. Its bottom horizons date to the 16th century. A few 16th-19th century finds were discovered: household pottery, panel stove tiles (Blattkacheln), fragments of glass vessels, iron coffin nails, coffin decorations, and clothing elements. A Gothic 15th century foundation for the stairs leading down into the basement was discovered up against the Chapel of St Lawrence in trench 2. The foundation was 2.7x3.2 m in size and 1.5 m high. A 1.4 m wide basement entrance, consisting of three descending brick steps with the bricks laid on their sides, was unearthed near the chapel’s E wall. The top of a stone wall was unearthed at a depth of 1.73–1.85 m in trench 5. The wall ran E-W, parallel with the church’s N wall, and, 1.65 m from it. It is 1.2–1.25 m wide and its NW corner is 95 cm high. This gothic wall appears to be a continuation of the church wall between the Chapels of St Ivan and St Lawrence, and cuts through the Chapel of St Lawrence, which was added in the 15th century.The foundation pieces of two former buttresses were unearthed in trench 6 near the church’s N façade. Their surface was reached at a depth of 55–66 cm. Between them, at a depth of 1.66–1.8 m a stone wall was unearthed. Its foundation was 1.5 m wide and 1.85 m high. Between the W buttress and the church’s NW tower, at a depth of 1.732.13 m, a continuation of the 1.3–1.6 m wide stone wall was discovered. The projecting bases of buttresses and the stone walls between them are coeval and should be connected with the first church’s construction stage in the late 14th century. In trenches 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7, 70 intact or partially disturbed inhumations were discovered, 32 of them males, 22 females, 14 children and adolescents, and 6 undetermined. The individuals lay with their heads to the W (40 burials), SW (18 burials), N (5 burials), NW (2 burials), and S (3 burials). The upper, intact burials were discovered at a depth of 1.52.4 m from the ground’s surface. Five burial levels were recorded in trench 1. The burials from the fifth level were discovered on top of sterile soil, which was reached at a depth of 3.5 m. The individuals had probably been buried in wooden coffins. many iron nails were found and signs of rotten wood were noted. The wooden coffin boards survived in better condition in burial 61. Grave goods were encountered in 6 burials. Burial 20, that of a female, contained a copper signet right encountered in 15th-17th century cemeteries. A book fitting and a GDL John II Casimir 1666 shilling were found between burials 59–60. The discovered finds allow one to speculate that the burials are no later than the second half of the 16th-17th century.A 1.4 m thick layer of cremated bones mixed with earth was discovered at a depth of 90 cm in trench 2. No finds were discovered among the cremated bones. It is speculated that human remains had been brought from the church’s basements and crypts and cremated. A large quantity of human bones and bone fragments that came from destroyed burials and from burials in the church’s basements, crypts, and other churchyard sites were discovered in all of the trenches. The bones collected in trenches 1–8 belonged to at least 769 adults and 104 children. The discovered female and child bones allow the conclusion to be drawn that not only monks, but also city residents had been buried on the grounds of the church.