Bernardinų (Sereikiškių) parko teritorijos tyrimai

LTUAB "Litcon" užsakymu toliau vykdant parko atkūrimo darbus (projektą rengė SĮ "Vilniaus planas") 2012 m. balandžio–rugpjūčio mėnesiais buvo pratęsti archeologiniai tyrimai bei žvalgymai (žvalgomieji tyrimai būsimų komunikacijų vietose vykdyti 2011 m. (ATL 2011 metais, V., 2012, p. 472–477)). Pagal patvirtintą tyrimų projektą, prieš atliekant detaliuosius tyrimus, visame parke projektuojamų trasų vietose kastose perkasose vykdyti archeologiniai žvalgymai, mechanizuotai nukasant 2 m pločio (perkasų plotis), iki 1,1 m gylio esančius supiltinius griuvenų sluoksnius, daugiausia datuojamus XX a. Atlikus žvalgymus, tirta 1 m pločio perkasomis (mechanizuotai iškastoje 2 m pločio tranšėjoje, kad ne užgriūtų, paliekant 50 cm pločio giliau netiriamus laiptus). Tyrimų metu surasta ir inventorinta 9115 keramikos fragmentų, 1089 koklių fragmentai, 275 stiklo pavyzdžiai, 115 įvairaus laikotarpio šaudmenų pavyzdžių, 607 individualūs radiniai, 791 moneta, 183 plombos. Radiniai perduoti į LNM, daugiau kaip 100 kg osteologinės medžiagos perduota dr. Giedrei Piličiauskienei tyrimams. Perkasose 35–36 atidengti, kaip spėjama, buvusio pirčių komplekso fragmentai statyti dar XVII a. ir greičiausiai sudegę XVIII a. I pusėje gaisrų metu (greičiausiai 1737 m., nes yra žinoma, kad gaisras kilo netoliese buvusio karališkojo vandens malūno). Po šio gaisro pirtys nebebuvo naudojamos, nes iki XIX a. II pusės rekonstrukcijos susiformavo labai nestoras apie 30 cm storio kultūrinis sluoksnis. XIX a. II pusėje užpiltas netoli nuo jų buvęs iki 1,5 m gylio ir 6 m pločio viršuje Vilnios kanalas, buvęs ŠV parko dalyje-tokiu būdu išspręsta gruntinių vandenų problema. Taip pat atidengti XIX–XX a. pradžioje tiesto vandens kanalo fragmentai. [...] [p. 506, 517-518].

ENIn 2012, a total of 3322 m2 was excavated down to the projected depth at the sites of planned utility lines and a decorative water element in Sereikiškės park and over 13000 m2 was surveyed. 9115 potsherds, 1089 stove tile fragments, 275 glass specimens, 115 ammunition specimens from various periods, 607 individual finds, 791 coins, and 183 seals were discovered and inventoried. No intense habitation existed in the S, SE, central, E, and NE parts of the park prior to the park’s reconstruction in the second half of the 19th century, nor were any economic activities actively conducted at these sites. A small quantity of household pottery and stove tiles were discovered in these parts, but no intense development or layer. The fence fragments discovered in trenches 2 and 7 are the remains of the utility fence erected by the Bernardine monastery (to enclose the pond that existed at this site). The locality’s hilly relief that existed up until the second half of the 19th century had been formed over a long period by the Vilnia’s changing bed. On the basis of the research data, at the very end of the 19th early 20th century, according to an 1886–1888 project prepared by A. Strauss and the engineer, Jasinskij, the pond that had been much smaller up until that time was enlarged, very gentle slopes formed, and the bottom and shore paved with boulders. In the mid second half of 20th century, water collectors (at least two being recorded by the investigation) were created for the pond; sand, polyethylene, asphalt were laid on the boulders on the bottom and the slopes, the slopes were made steeper, the pond’s shores were somewhat reshaped and covered with soil, and, so that the steepened slopes would not slip, concrete borders were created on its slopes all around the pond’s perimeter.Thick fill layer horizons from both the second half of the 19th and the mid 20th century were recorded in the trenches excavated in the central part of the park (some of the trenches having been excavated in the filled-in former bed of the Vilnia). The bed of the Vilnia was filled in at that time. The cultural layer that had existed in the central part of the park had been damaged in many places when utility lines were laid in this part in the second half of the 20th century. A different stratigraphy was recorded in the trenches excavated in the NW and W parts of the park. This part of the park was formed through the effect of urban influences and processes. The earliest cultural layer horizons were unearthed in trench 22 and date to the 17th century. A fragment of the base of the defensive wall was also unearthed in the trench (like in 2011). As was conjectured, fragments of the former sauna complex, erected in the 17th century and probably burnt down during one of the two fires that occurred in the first half of the 18th century (likely 1737 since it is known that this fire originated in the nearby former royal watermill), were unearthed in trenches 35 and 36. After this fire, the sauna was no longer used because only a very thin cultural layer had formed prior to the reconstruction in the second half of the 19th century. In the NW part of the park in the second half – late of the 19th century, the Vilnia channel, which nearby was up to 1.5 m deep and 6 m wide at its top, was filled in, thereby solving the groundwater problem.