Vidurio Lietuvos gyventojų kultūrinės orientacijos kaita SGA-VIGA

LTErų sandūroje vykstant permainoms baltų kraštuose, pirmaisiais mūsų eros amžiais visoje Lietuvos teritorijoje pradeda didėti kapinynų skaičius, formuojasi atskiros jų grupės, kurių pagrindu išskirtos kultūrinės grupės. Tuo metu Vidurio Lietuvoje, tarp Nemuno ir Neries santakos ir Dubysos, atsiranda keli kapinynai, sudarantys vieną iš senojo geležies amžiaus Lietuvos etnokultūrinių sričių. Savo užimama geografine padėtimi ši sritis yra ne tik Lietuvos, bet tam tikra prasme ir žymiai platesnio baltiškojo masyvo centras, esantis vakarų-rytų baltų genčių paribyje. Ši aplinkybė nulėmė tai, kad atskirais laikotarpiais dėl vienų ar kitų priežasčių kito šio regiono gyventojų kultūrinė orientacija. Konferencijoje skaitytame pranešime bandyta apžvelgti Vidurio Lietuvos plokštinių kapinynų kultūros raidą senajame ir viduriniajame geležies amžiais. Kalbant apie kultūrinius ryšius apsiribota vyraujančiais santykiais baltiškojo arealo ribose. Išsakytos mintys nepretenduoja į galutinę tiesą, bet pateikia atspirties taškus tolimesniems tyrimams. [Iš straipsnio, p. 4]

ENDuring the Old Iron Age (OI A), or Roman period, several ethnic groups or cultures inhabited Lithuania. The extent of their territories is indicated through archaeologically-known features and traditions. One of these groups is the Central Lithuanian Flat Burial culture. Most of the cemeteries associated with this culture are located along the Nemunas river, between Kaunas and the confluence of the Nemunas and Dubysa. A consensus does not yet exist among archaeologists as to the origin of this culture. Some identify it with the West Balts, other with the East Balts. This paper describes changes in cultural orientation in Central Lithuania from the OIA into the Migration period. Data are from the 1991-95 excavations at the Marvele cemetery. The sequence of culture change can by divided into four groups: I. Period Bl-Cla. Diagnostic burial goods from this period include female spiral temple ornaments, neck-rings with trumpet head terminals, Old Prussian series "eye"- decorated brooches, and highly profiled brooches. This complex of burial goods is characteristic of West Balts in general. By the end of this period, new types of artifacts appear, and most older cemeteries are abandoned. II. Period Cla-C2. New cemeteries at Seredžius, Veliuona and Marvele are established at the beginning of this period. Neighboring southern regions such as Mozurija and Sudovia strongly influence material culture, for example, A.V. 96 type brooches, stepped "Mozurian"-type brooches, and enamelled penannular brooches.III. Period C3-D. Contact with East Lithuania intensifies at this time. A cultural group emerges, that consolidates Suvalkija, southwest and central Lithuania, and "Jotvingian" Lithuania (i.e. the area of Eitulionys-type sites in east Lithuania, and including the Trakai-Kaišiadorys districts). Ties between these regions are indicated by the use of enamelled penannular brooches, neck-rings with spoon shaped terminals and the spread of a funerary tradition in which burial pits are covered by a barrow. IV. The fourth stage begins in the first half of the V century. It is marked by the new complex of artifacts (neck-ring with a loop-and-hook clasp, crossbow brooch with a triangular foot), and a general increase in number of burials as well as wealthy burials containing silver artifacts. This stage is particularly evident at the Plinkaigalis and Semigallian culture, including bronze spiral-element headbands, large spiral ornament for fastening hair at the back of the head, and neck-ring with saddle-shaped clasps. [From the publication]