Фольклорные традиции Великого Княжества Литовского в польских хрониках XVI века
ENPolish chroniclers were not only historians, but also geographers, ethnographers, researchers of folklor. "The Chronicle of the Whole World" by M. Bielski was the first textbook on a general history and geography in Polish language. The important contribution to development of geography and ethnography the works of M. Miechowski and M. Kromer have brought. M. Stryjkowski with the complete right it is possible to name as the first historiographer of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The historians of archaeology mark his contribution in development of archaeology, in a way he was also first ethnographer and researcher of folklore of Lithuania. The folklore in the Polish chronicles has rather essential meaning. In the XVI-th century the scientific imago of the past still only arose. Insufficiency or absence of the scientific historical facts were filled at the expense of legendary and folklore traditions. It is especially a characteristic of the descriphon of ancient periods of genesis of nations and statehood. One of the outstanding scientists of the beginning of the XVI-th c., rector of Krakow university M. Miechowski in "The Treatise about Two Sarmatias" for the first time pays attention to ethnographic features of Rus, Lithuania and Samogitia. The majority of the facts concerning a past of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, M. Miechowski has gathered from History by Długosz unpublished in that time. However any Polish chronicle cannot be compared to the chronicle of M. Stryjkowski on riches of a material and its conceptual submission.Author marks, that a source of ethnocultural information was "Cronica terrae Prussie" by Piter of Dusburg, which Stryjkowski has brought in a scientific revolution, by publishing it in a cut kind in the first edition of the chronicle. However a large part of news about paganism was gathered by chronicler during his trips on Lithuania and Belarus, where the vestiges ancient relegions and legend were even alive. The folklore of Lithuanians in the chronicle is submitted better, than folklore of the slavs-Belorusians and Ukrainians. However many of baltic tradition were widely widespread on belorusian grounds and, apparently, chronicler not always distinguished their origin. The merit of registration of the final version of a legend about a roman origin of Lithuanian nobles belongs to Stryjkowski. Early product this auther "About the beginnings of the lithuanian people" on the character is more folklore, than chronicle. However author did not hasten it to publish. By attentive comparison it with more late chronicle it is visible, that in last he considerably has reduced a legend about a roman origin of Lithuanians. Probably, after Lublin's Union its political meaning has changed. The attempt to reconcile among themselves legend of an origin of Lithuanians and the Sarmatic theory of an origin of Poles belongs to Stryjkowski. The folklore motives are felt in the some the historical messages of chronicles, which in due to course have acquired epic with details. To those it is possible to attribute plots about the basis of Vilnius, about murder of Zygimont Kejstutavicz, about unsuccessful crowning of Vitaut, legend about 14 monks of st. Fransis and many others. Dlugosh, Miechowski, Bielski, Stryjkowski approximately equally describe acceptance of a Christianity in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. But only last, giving meaning to the ethnic distinctions, emphasized a Lithuanian origin of the population, which Jagajla and Vitaut baptized in Vilnius in.
