A. Jakšto gatvė 5

LTTyrinėtas pastatas stovi Kauno senamiesčio V dalyje, 60–75 m atstumu į R nuo Kauno pilies (1 pav.). Jo sklypą iš P pusės riboja Papilio, iš R-A. Jakšto, iš Š-Pilies gatvės. V pusėje istorinės sklypo ribos baigėsi prie pilies gynybinio griovio R krašto. Pastato pagrindinis korpusas stovi prie A. Jakšto gatvės, jo ilgis-61,8 m, plotis-10,7 m. Prie Papilio ir Pilies gatvių P ir Š namo gale yra 13,56 ir 27,05 m ilgio fligeliai. Po pastato P dalimi šiuo metu jau yra įrengti rūsiai, užimantys 231 m2 plotą. Archeologinių tyrinėjimų metu kultūriniuose sluoksniuose, ypač šiukšlių duobėse, aptiktose patalpose 4, 5, 8, surastas didelis kiekis XVI–XVIII a. krosnių puodyninių ir plokštinių koklių ir jų fragmentų, buitinės keramikos, puodynių, puodelių, lėkščių, dubenų, keptuvių, kepimo lovių šukių. Vien masinės archeologinės medžiagos šiuo metu surinkta apie 1500 vienetų. Nemaža dalis plokštinių koklių ornamento tipų Kauno senamiestyje surasti pirmą kartą. Tai pusiau cilindrinio žaliai glazūruoto koklio fragmentas su Vyčio (?) motyvu, XVI a. polichrominių koklių šukės, puoštos žmonių figūromis, rozetėmis, gėlių puokštėmis su vazomis ir stilizuotu augaliniu ornamentu. Ypač pažymėtini 3 nedideli plokštinių kvadratinių (?) 16x 16 cm dydžio koklių fragmentai, puošti meškos ir mitinių gyvūnų atvaizdais. Nors jie rasti XVI a. duobėje ir XVI–XVII a kultūriniame sluoksnyje, bet datuotini XV a. Tai pirmųjų gotikinių koklių fragmentai, surasti Kaune. [...] [p. 385, 388].

ENThe investigated building stood in the W part of Kaunas old town, 60–75 m to the E of Kaunas Castle. After demolishing the unnecessary partitions in the central part of the building near A. Jakšto street and in the N wing near Pilies street, ten various-sized rooms were created. An excavation was conducted in these rooms, which occupy 406 m2. The investigated Old Town plot belonged until the late 18th century to the Royal Jurzdika, which was not subject to the city magistrate. Beginning in the second half of the 18th century Jews were allowed to settle in this area. In the mid 19th century the Jews built a hospital, which operated at this site until 1996. In this stage of the excavation, 327 m2 was fully excavated in rooms 1, 3–9 in the building. Due to the condition of the unearthed foundations and their lack of depth, the excavations remain uncompleted in rooms 2 and 10, which have an area of 79 m2. A 3–4.55 m thick stratum of cultural layers was found above the original ground’s surface. During the excavation, a large quantity of 16th–18th century "pot-shaped" (Topfkacheln) and panel stove tiles (Blattkacheln) and tile fragments, household pottery, and sherds of jars, cups, plates, bowls, frying pans, and baking pans were found in the cultural layers, especially in the rubbish pits. About 1500 pieces of mass archaeological material alone were collected at this time. Many of the panel stove tile decoration types were found for the first time in Kaunas Old Town, for example, a fragment of a semi-cylindrical, green glazed stove tile with a Vytis (?) [white knight on a charger] motif, and sherds of 16th-century polychrome stove tiles decorated with human figures, rosettes, flower bouquets in vases, and stylised floral designs.Three small fragments of panel stove tiles, square (?), 16x16 cm in size, and decorated with images of bears and mythical animals, should especially be mentioned. Al - though they were found in a 16th-century pit and a 16th–17th century cultural layer, they date to the 15th century. These are the first Gothic stove tile fragments found in Kaunas. Bone (antler) artefacts decorated with geometric designs and two grey sandstone balls perhaps intended for games and found in the mid 16th century pits, are very rare finds in Kaunas old town. The remains of two masonry buildings, the masonry foundation of a wooden building, and masonry column structures with no clear purpose that date to the second half of the 16th–17th centuries were discovered during the excavation. The remains of the foundation of a 17th century household stove were discovered in the N annex. The bulk of the finds, although found in the Royal Jurzdika, hardly differ from all of the archaeological material found in Kaunas Old Town. In some cases, they yield to the Old Town finds in respect to quality, but "pot-shaped" stove tile types, which have been unknown or very rarely encountered up until now, and semicylindrical, polychrome stove tile fragments, which are usually found only in wealthy areas of the city, are found here. And, what is the most important, gothic stove tile fragments were found here for the first time, thereby showing the exceptional position of the Royal Jurzdika in Kaunas.