Jadvyga Juškytė

LTStraipsnyje pristatoma varpininkė ir švietėja Jadvyga Juškytė: pateikiama biografija, nušviečiama bajoriškosios kultūros įtaka jos dvasiniam formavimuisi. Aptariama J. Juškytės giminės dvasinė orientacija ir jos svarba vidinei savižinai. Straipsnyje perteikiama ir gimtųjų namų atmosfera, nes ten brendo būsimosios literatės ir draudžiamos spaudos darbuotojos, knygnešės ir švietėjos lietuviškumo daigai. Straipsnio tikslas ir uždaviniai: atskleisti bajoriškosios kultūros įtaką J. Juškytės asmenybei; aptarti giminės istorijos svarbą jos lietuviškos savimonės tapsmui; apžvelgti J. Juškytės - draudžiamos lietuviškos spaudos platintojos ir daraktorės veiklos gaires, stiprinant tautos lietuvišką savimonę. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Jadvyga Juškytė, bajoriškoji kultūra, draudžiama lietuviška spauda, daraktoriai.

ENIn the second half of the 19th century, there was strong Lithuanian resistance to the tsarist press ban. The bishop of the Samogitian diocese Motiejus Valančius became the inventor, organizer and inspirer of book smuggling in Lithuania, A number of Lithuanian nobility and lower nobility at that time became involved in the creation, distribution and support of book smugglers and the banned Lithuanian press. The book smugglers were also assisted by the Juškai-Juškevičiai family of the nobility, and especially by its descendant Jadvyga Juškytė, who became a famous member of “Varpas” patriotic organization, books smuggler, educator and herald of the Lithuanian national revival. Many of her relatives, Juškevičiai and Giedraičiai, lived in the Vilkija region in the 19th century, with whom Juškytė had not only close kinship, but also extensive cultural and social ties. One of the manors belonging to this family was the Vilkija manor near the Nemunas river, well known to the book smugglers and Lithuanian public at that time.Juškytė also did a lot of significant educational work in her hometown of Pernarava, and later living in Šiauliai, being in Vilnius and other places. The Juškai-Juškevičiai family loved their homeland very much and cared about its fate. Entire generations of this family were active participants in the social and political life of Lithuania. In the family, whose genes pulsated with the blood of Dukes Giedraičiai, nobles Piesliakai, Juškos and other prominent relatives of the country, which adhered to nobility education, lifestyle traditions and culture, which for a long time was strongly influenced by the Polish nobility’s spiritual orientation, Lithuanian self-awareness began to strengthen and establish itself. In the second half of the 19th century, Jadvyga Juškytė’s parents Marija and Jonas Juškevičiai not only fully supported the creative Lithuanian intelligentsia, but also took care of and supported the book smugglers who distributed the banned press. Juškytė, who had been a teacher of a secret Lithuanian primary school for more than 15 years, a patron of book smugglers and a journalist of the secret Lithuanian press, had probably developed this Lithuanian activity most widely. Key words: Jadvyga Juškytė, nobility culture, banned Lithianian press, teachers of secret schools.