Kai kurie XIX a. Lietuvos kultūros modernėjimo aspektai: laisvalaikio sociogenezė

LTŠiame tekste bus analizuojama, kaip per XIX amžių keitėsi dviejų kultūrinių Lietuvos visuomenės sluoksnių - elito ir liaudies laisvalaikio samprata. Šis uždavinys įdomus ir tuo, jog visuomenės modernizavimo tendencijos, kaip jos suprantamos Vakarų ar Vidurio Europos kontekste, Lietuvoje buvo daug silpnesnės [p. 170].

ENThis article analyses how and why changes took place in the understanding of leisure time in elite and popular cultural systems. In elite culture the tendencies of “rationalization of time" practically coincided with the loss of independence. At the beginning of the 19th century the individual was obliged not to waste his/her time, to use it more pragmatically and rationally. Such ideas forced changes in the attitude toward some forms of leisure time which were characteristic to the social elite, such as banquets, hunting, card-playing, travel, etc. They were criticized more frequently. It was stressed that leisure time must be used first of all, to improve oneself, to "train character." Almost at the same time, representatives of the Vilnius elite decided to establish some societies, to stimulate social activity and solidarity. Thus, it was emphasised that the elite should use its leisure time for the public good. At the opposite extreme, leisure time for the common people was considered dangerous. Such an attitude was influenced by the Catholic Church and, therefore, was dominated by repressive practices toward the entertainment of the common people. After the mid-19th century, especially after the emancipation, these tendencies relaxed. It was believed that peasants should have the right to entertainment but, at the same time, that they should be controlled effectively. The main purpose of leisure time for the peasants was to stimulate their piety. At that time, in didactic literature "decent leisure time" for the common people was inseparable from piety. In that way the Catholic Church sought to extend its influence over peasants after the emancipation.