Vilniaus rotušė

LTArchitektūriniai tyrimai Vilniaus rotušėje vyko paskutiniame XX a. dešimtmetyje, jiems vadovavo Idalija Bėčienė. Jų metu sužinota naujų duomenų apie šio pastato architektūrinę raidą. Nustatyta, kad dabartinio pastato PR dalyje yra XIV (?) a. statyto masyvaus mūrinio pastato (bokštinio namo), kurio liekanos integruotos į XV (?) a. statytą gotikinį mūrinį rotušės pastatą, liekanų. Jos išlikusios dabartinio pastato P dalyje. Stačiakampio plano gotikinis rotušės pastatas buvo ištęstas R–V kryptimis. Manoma, kad rotušėje būta hipokaustinio šildymo įrenginio. Rotušės pastate ir jo rūsyje XVI, XVII ir XVIII a. vyko kelios didelės rekonstrukcijos, paskutinė kurių buvo XX a.-tarpukariu, jai vadovavo S. Narembskis. Kaip jau minėta, 2012 m. žvalgomieji tyrimai vyko dviejose Vilniaus rotušės rūsio PR dalies patalpose (ATL 2012 metais, V., 2013, p. 535–538). Ištirti du šurfai, tirtas iki 1 m storio kultūrinis sluoksnis. Šurfe 2 aptiktas akmenų grindinys, plytų grindinio liekanų, šurfe 1 surastas įmestas nuardytos mūrinės kolonos gabalas, medinių grindų ar tiesiog lentų pakloto liekanų. Fiksuota daugiasluoksnė kultūrinio sluoksnio sandara. Tyrimų metu aptikta ir smulkių archeologinių radinių: monetų, buitinės ir statybinės keramikos fragmentų. Ankstyviausi tyrimų metu aptikti radiniai datuoti XV a. 2014 m. vykusių tyrimų metu ištirta 10 įvairaus dydžio šurfų (žvalgomojo pobūdžio archeologiniai tyrimai atlikti 26 m2 plote) bei dvi perkasos rūsio PR dalyje (detaliųjų tyrimų metu tirtas 36,7 m2 plotas), bendras ištirtas plotas-62,7 m2 . Kultūrinio sluoksnio storis yra nuo 10 cm iki daugiau nei 1,2 m, jis datuojamas XIV–XX a. [...] [p. 399-400].

ENIn 2014, the investigation, begun in 2012, of the Vilnius town hall basement continued. The investigation is connected with the basement’s foreseen repair in order to adapt it for visitors. The architectural investigation (headed by I. Bėčienė) of the town hall made in the 1990s revealed the building’s early development. A massive square building dating to the late 14th or early 15th century stood in the SE corner of the present building. It is thought that this early building, which was probably not yet the town hall, was adapted for defence. In the 15th century, a Gothic masonry town hall was erected in the S part of the present building and the walls of the early building must have projected into it. Based on the surviving architectural elements, it can be judged that the old town hall had a hypocaust heating system. During the 16th-17th centuries, the town hall building as well as its basement experienced several ma jor reconstructions. The building was substantially reconstructed in the late 18th century when it was expanded to the N and acquired the Classical form that has survived to this day. The last larger reconstruction, which involved the building’s basement area, occurred in the interwar period. The archaeological investigation of the town hall basement only began in 2012, when a survey was conducted in the basement’s SE rooms. In 2014, two trenches were excavated in these rooms. The cultural layer in the excavated areas had been severely disturbed during the interwar period. Trench 1 was excavated in a room created outside the mid 16th century early building and in the SE part of the basement. A cultural layer horizon from the second half of the 17th century, based on the fairly abundant numismatic finds, was excavated at the bottom of the disturbed cultural layer.It is thought that the early horizons of the cultural layer were destroyed during the 17th century repairs. In trench 2, which was excavated in a room created in the mid 16th century in the SE part of the early building, partially destroyed stone paving from no earlier than the mid 17th century was unearthed. A brick base was also discovered after destroying a bit of this paving. A room floor created in the mid 16th century from structural ceramic items (flat floor tiles, floor tiles, and brickbats) was recorded below the stone paving. The same floor was also discovered in the corridor connecting both of the excavated rooms. A pit containing large pieces of charcoal was discovered under the remains of the earliest masonry building that stood at the site of town hall building but only partially excavated. A fragment of the aforementioned floor, i.e. an uneven lime mortar surface, of the early building was found in test pit 6, which was excavated in the NW part of the remains of this building. In other test pits excavated at various sites in the building’s basement, 15th, 18th, and 20th century surfaces (lime mortar paving, stone paving, and brick flooring) as well as 15th and 18th century masonry structures partially destroyed during the interwar period have been discovered. The continuation of the investigation in the basement of the Vilnius town hall is foreseen.