Žvalgomieji tyrimai ir žvalgymai Vilniuje

LT2014 m., vadovaujant šio straipsnelio autoriui, 12 objektų paveldosauginiu požiūriu saugomose Vilniaus miesto teritorijose vyko žvalgomieji tyrimai, o dalyje jų-ir archeologiniai žvalgymai. Penkiuose objektuose atlikti tyrimai nesuteikė naujų duomenų apie archeologinę situaciją vienoje ar kitoje Vilniaus vietoje, duomenys apie šiuos objektus pateikiami šio leidinio pabaigoje neinformatyvių archeologinių tyrimų lentelėje. [...] [p. 381].

ENIn 2014, field evaluations were conducted under the direction of the present author at 12 objects at heritage protection sites in the city of Vilnius. The investigations at five sites produced results and yielded new data about the archaeological situation at these objects. A field evaluation was conducted in the so-called Pacas palace and its courtyard on the plot at Didžioji st. 7 near the main street of Vilnius old town and Rotušės square. From historical investigations it is known that a Gothic palace belonging to the magnate Astikas family stood at this site. The architectural investigation determined that the walls of the Gothic palace have survived in good condition in the volume of the present-day building. A "hostel" (Latin: bursa) for Vilnius Academy students (academists) was built in the S part of the plot in the 17th century. In the late 17th century, the palace of the magnate Pacas family was built by joining these buildings, which had probably been badly damaged during the war with Moscow. Six test pits (a total of 13.5 m2 ) were excavated but sterile soil was reached only in the test pits dug in the basement. Stone paving connected with the existence of the palace (late 17th–18th century) was unearthed at a depth of 0.7–1 m in test pits 1–3 in the building’s courtyard and garage. Test pit 1, excavated in the S part of the garage’s plot, contained a masonry wall fragment from that time. It is thought that this is the remains of an outbuilding. A massive arch construction foundation from this building was unearthed in test pit 2, which was excavated near the former stable. Test pit 3 contained the remains of some building and, at a depth of 1.9–2.15 m, a fragment of stone paving dating to the 16th century. The cultural layer in the courtyard part of the plot is more than 3 m thick, the upper part of which, up to a thickness of 70 cm, is of little value.The multiple additions of earth and rubble, which was cleared after wartime fires, have caused the plot’s surface to rise about 2 m higher than in the plot to the NW at Gaono St. 8. The data from the common denominator in the history of these plots, i.e. investigations, show that a defensive ditch dating to the 14th-15th centuries had probably existed at the site of garage and perhaps the S part of the palace building. These fortifications were partially excavated on the plot at Gaono st. 8. Test pit 7 located in the central part of the courtyard contained the remains of a building erected in the first half of the 17th century and a masonry foundation dating to the 18th century, the test pit in the W part of the courtyard the remains of a building that stood in this part of the courtyard in the 17th-19th centuries: the remains of a façade wall and beside it the masonry structures of a sump (from a privy). A more precise determination of the thickness of the cultural layer in the plot and its separate parts is foreseen during future investigations. Finds were discovered in test pits 4–5, which were excavated in the building’s basement, and a destroyed cultural layer in test pit 5. The cultural layer in the basement was 0.55-1.6 m thick. In searching for the basement’s entrance in the palace building’s NW part, a masonry structure, which could have been connected with a stairwell that stood there, was discovered, but its more precise parameters will have to be ascertained later during the architectural investigation. The continuation of the plot’s investigation is planned. In preparing a 2014 project bid for the restoration of the plot at Klaipėdos St. 9 in the W part of Vilnius old town and its adaptation for development, a field evaluation was conducted. The N part of the plot, where the socalled Oskierka family palace stood, was excavated in the 1980s.It was determined at that time that the early Gothic masonry structures at this location date to the 15th century. A large quantity of finds, among which an abundant collection of 16th-18th century specimens was distinguished, was discovered during the investigation. The remains of buildings and other masonry structures that stood in a currently undeveloped part of the plot were discovered in four test pits excavated during the 2014 investigation. These artefacts date to the first half of the 17th-19th centuries. Fragments of stone paving dating to the first half of the 20th century were also found. The cultural layer in the courtyard is from 1.9 to over 3.4 m thick. The cultural layer contained valuable 14th (?)-20th century finds, among which a 14th or 15th century stylised heart-shaped metal decoration, should be mentioned. The field evaluation on the plots at T. Kosciuškos st. 6, 8 was conducted prior to preparing project bids for the repair of the building complex that stands there. The investigation site is near to the confluence of the Neris and Vilnia (new (?) bed) and not far at all from the grounds of the castles. The area under investigation belonged in the late 17th-18th century to the baroque palace complex of the magnate Sluška family and contained the palace’s park, a surrounding fence, a pond, and small structures. After Russia occupied Lithuania in the late 18th century, the palace and all of the residence’s grounds were purchased in 1831 by the Russian government in order to include it in the Vilnius fortress system for the protection of the government from anti-Moscow insurgents. In 1835 the Sluška palace was used as a barracks. In 1870 a prison, which operated until 1952, was created in the palace. [...].