Tyrimai Žiežmariuose

LT2015 m. vykdyti žvalgomieji ir detalieji tyrimai, taip pat žvalgymai Žiežmarių (UK 17131) (Kaišiadorių r.) buvusios dvaro sodybos fragmentų (UK 164), magazino (UK 2164) teritorijose (Ažubalio, Gėlių, Paupio, Trumpojoje, Šiaurės, Vilniaus, Vytauto, Žaslių, gatvėse). Tyrimai susiję su planuojamais įrengti nuotekų ir vandentiekio tinklais. Iki 2015 m. lapkričio ištirti 45 2x1 m dydžio šurfai (90,5 m²)-1-10, 12–14, 16–18, 20–35, 37, 38, 40–50. Atlikti žvalgymai 46 m² plote sklypuose Šiaurės g. 5, Vilniaus g. 22 ir Žaslių g. 8, 10. Taip pat vykdyti detalieji tyrimai sklypuose Gėlių g. 8, 12, Trumpoji g. 4–8, Vilniaus g. 23, Žaslių g. 7, 20, 24, 26. Šiose vietose ištirta 11 perkasų (iš viso 158,79 m²), kurios projekte įvardytos 5–8, 10–13, 18, 19, 21, 22. Bendras detaliųjų ir žvalgomųjų tyrimų plotas-249,29 m². 2015 m. Žiežmariuose vykdytų archeologinių tyrimų metu surinkta informacija papildo turimus istorinius duomenis apie Žiežmarių miestelio raidą XVI–XIX a. Galima tvirtinti, kad nuo XVI–XVII a. jau buvo gana tankiai apgyvendinta miestelio teritorija aplink keturkampę turgaus aikštę ir aikštės prieigos dabartinėse Ažubalio, Vilniaus ir Žaslių gatvėse. Archeologiniai tyrimai parodė, kad panašiu metu-XVI a. pabaigoje-XVII a. pradžioje-Žiežmariai jau buvo išsiplėtę ir iki atokesnių Vilniaus gatvės vietų. Tam įtakos neabejotinai turėjo Žiežmarius kertantis senasis Vilniaus-Kauno kelias. Ir tik nuo XVIII a. pabaigos-XIX a. plėstasi į toliau nuo miestelio centro esančias teritorijas Ažubalio, Šiaurės, ir Žaslių gatvėse, tankėjo užstatymas Vilniaus gatvėje. [...] [p. 401, 406].

ENIn 2015, field evaluations (45 test pits, a total of 90.5 m2 ; 46 m2 surveyed) and excavations (11 trenches, a total of 158.79 m²) were conducted in Žiežmariai. The evaluation on Ažubalio Street (six test pits) showed that mixed, 0.7–2.1 m thick layers dating to the second half of the 20th century had formed on many of the plots. A 16th-18th century cultural layer with isolated finds was recorded only on plots closer to the town’s square. Based on the collected data, it is possible to judge that the NE part of Ažubalio street had been more intensively developed only during the 16th-18th centuries, the result of the proximity of the town’s square and the old Vilnius–Kaunas road. During the investigation on Vilniaus street, 24 test pits and one trench were excavated. Closer to the town square (to the NW of Vilniaus st. 25), a cultural layer dating to the first half of the 17th; second half of the 17th-18th centuries was found in some of the test pits. The investigation data collected on Vilniaus street allows one to assert that the NW part of Vilniaus street could have been developed no later than the late 16th century. At that time the construction of the streets could have been still fairly uneven, with larger gaps between the plots. The excavation of test pit 31, which, at a depth of 0.6–1.55 m, contained undisturbed layers dating to the late 16th first half of the 17th century, should be mentioned separately. A storage pit with a collection of discarded late 16th early 17th century panel and vessel stove tiles was recorded in the test pit. Among the discovered stove tiles, two atypical fragments with Polish inscriptions in Roman letters stand out: "POIMI MIE MILI CHOCAM GARBATA ALEM BOGATA....." ["TAKE ME, DEAR. EVEN THOUGH I AM HUNCHBACKED, I AM RICH"].These stove tiles are a rare find and so far do not have any analogies in the Lithuanian archaeological material. The evaluation and excavation on Žaslių street (six test pits and four trenches) showed that the plots in this part of the town, which is closer to the town square, were developed first. The earliest recorded layers there are 0.65–2.05 m thick and date to the second half of the 16th-17th centuries. During the investigation of Žaslių street, no archaeologically valuable cultural layer was discovered to the NE of the town square. The excavations on Trumpoji and Gėlių streets (6 trenches) showed that this part of the town has been intensively and densely inhabited since the 17th century. A general tendency was observed in all of the excavated trenches: on the surface, to a depth of 0.5–1.2 m, layers that had formed during the second half of the 20th century or later were recorded but deeper, down to a depth of 1.1–2.1 m, a layer of black peaty soil with an upper horizon with mixed finds dating to the 17th second half of the 20th century was excavated. The investigation of Vytauto (three test pits), Paupio (one test pit), and Šiaurės (five test pits) Streets determined that in these parts of the town, cultural layers no earlier than the 20th century had formed in many places. In 2015, the information collected during the investigations in Žiežmariai supplemented the available historical data about the development of the town during the 16th–19th centuries. It is possible to confirm that beginning in the 16th–17th century, the area around the square town square and the approaches to the square on present day Ažubalio, Vilniaus, and Žaslių streets were fairly densely inhabited. The investigation showed that at a similar time (late 16th early 17th century) Žiežmariai had already expanded to more distant locations on Vilniaus street.The old Vilnius-Kaunas road, which cut through Žiežmariai, definitely affected the situation to some extent. Only from the late 18th-19th centuries did the town expand to territories further from the centre: Ažubalio, Šiaurės, and Žaslių streets and at the same time the development of Vilniaus street became denser.