Žvalgymai Belmonto miške Vilniuje

LT2016 m. gegužę Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademijos Karo mokslų instituto Karo istorijos centras atliko Vilniuje, Belmonto ir Srovės gatvėse (Belmonto miške) archeologinius išlikusių II Pasaulinio karo lauko fortifikacijos įrenginių (neregistriniai objektai) žvalgymus. Jie vyko dviejose miško, esančio Pavilnių regioninio parko teritorijoje, vietose. Miško P dalyje, arčiau Belmonto gatvės, žvalgytos spėjamos Vokietijos pajėgų priešlėktuvinės gynybos pozicijos (4 apkasai bei tarpai tarp jų, žvalgytas apie 1500 m2 plotas). Centrinėje ir V miško dalyse, arčiau Srovės gatvės, žvalgyta viena iš keliolikos šiame miške esančių gynybinių tranšėjų (žvalgytas apie 1200 m2 plotas). Iš viso žvalgytas daugmaž 2700 m2 plotas. Apibendrinant 2013 ir 2016 m. Belmonto miške atliktų archeologinių žvalgymų duomenis, galima teigti, kad intensyviausios kovos vyko dabartinio Belmonto miško ŠV dalyje, arčiau Srovės ir S. Batoro gatvių (ties Vokietijos pajėgų atsparos punktu 116 bei kitose vietose). Čia fiksuota didžiausia iššautų tūtų, kulkų, artilerijos sviedinių koncentracija. Miško P dalyje žvalgytos Vokietijos kariuomenės priešlėktuvinės gynybos artilerijos pozicijos priešo buvo apšaudytos minimaliai, vokiečių kariai iš šios vietos pasitraukė be mūšio, bet gana skubotai. Žvalgant Belmonto miške surinkti 75 radiniai perduoti Generolo Jono Žemaičio Lietuvos karo akademijos muziejui. [...] [p. 517, 522].

ENIn 2016, the Centre of Military History of the Institute of Military Science at the General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania conducted a survey of the Second World War field fortifications (unregistered features) at two sites on Belmonto and Srovės streets (Belmontas forest) in the city of Vilnius. In the S part of forest, closer to Belmonto Street, conjectured German anti-aircraft positions (four trenches and the spaces between them, which totalled roughly 1500 m2 ) were surveyed. In the central W part of the forest, closer to Srovės street, one of over ten defensive trenches in this forest was surveyed (roughly 1200 m2 ). In all, approximately 2700 m2 were investigated. 88 mm calibre FlaK guns (8.8 cm Flugabwehrkanone 18/36/37) were stationed by the German Wehrmacht in the anti-aircraft positions. These cannon’s empty casings and live rounds, which were destroyed by specialists of an Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Platoon of the Lithuanian Land Force, were found along with the steel containers used to transport the rounds. Trenches were dug at the positions and the approaches reinforced with barb wire fences. Judging by the scarcity of discovered shrapnel, this location was not shelled intensively by the enemy. The very small quantity of recovered empty cartridges and the fact that almost no bullets were found indicate that no direct battle for these positions occurred.However, the fact that live rounds were left shows that the German soldiers abandoned these positions fairly hastily. Food tins and lids, construction tools (an iron pick, a hammer, and a saw), a horseshoe, a 1931 USSR 3-kopeck coin, etc. were also discovered at the anti-aircraft position. In surveying the defensive trench, it was determined that during the Battle of Vilnius in the summer of 1944, this area was shelled by artillery and mortars. But the circumstances of the digging and use of the trenches remains unclear. It is likely that the trench was dug by German Wehrmacht soldiers, but they did not use this trench for defence. Not one unfired or empty German cartridge was found in the trench during the investigation. Almost all of the discovered ammunition was Russian standard issue. Ballistic caps and rings from Soviet artillery shells, which could be later than the period of the Second World War, were also recovered. In summarising the current data from the 2013 and 2016 surveys in Belmontas forest, it is possible to state that the most intense battle occurred in the NW part of present day Belmontas forest, closer to Srovės and S. Batoro streets (at German strong point 116 and other locations). The greatest concentration of empty cartridges, bullets, and artillery casings was recorded there. In the S part of the forest, the surveyed Wehrmacht anti-aircraft positions were shelled minimally by the enemy and the German soldiers retreated from this location without a fight and fairly hastily.