Макроэкономическая нестабильность в странах Балтии

• Makroekonomiskā nestabilitāte Baltijas valstīs
• Macroeconomic instability in the Baltic countries

ENFor the population of any country, the most desirable thing is stable economic development, relatively full employment and a stable price level. In real life, economic development is always associated with imbalances and cyclical fluctuations caused by various factors: changes in the political situation, war, improvement of materials, technologies, etc. Employment and the phenomenon of unemployment are associated with cyclical fluctuations. In most countries, including the Baltic countries, for various reasons, actual unemployment often exceeds the natural level, which causes economic losses due to an increase in unreleased output, according to A. Okun's law. Comparison and analysis of macroeconomic indicators of the three Baltic countries is an urgent task of this study, given the uneven development of their economies and different positions in the ratings of European Union countries. The object of the study is the macroeconomic indicators of the Baltic countries. Purpose of the study: based on an analysis of macroeconomic instability, to test the hypothesis that the different levels of economic development of these states are largely explained by the different quality of the managerial approach to the economy. The novelty of the study lies in an integrated approach to the analysis and comparison of the main indicators of macroeconomic instability in the Baltic countries, which made it possible to draw conclusions about the reasons for the lag of some countries and the success of others, despite the identical development conditions. The analysis of changes in the main macroeconomic indicators of the Baltic countries showed that in almost all indicators the Baltic countries are developing quite synchronously. The uneven development of economies is characterized by different growth rates: thus, the levels of GDP per worker and per resident in Estonia are much higher than in Latvia and Lithuania.On the other hand, the population in Latvia and Lithuania is constantly declining due to the migration of the working population to other EU countries. In Estonia, the population has remained virtually unchanged in recent years. This suggests that in Estonia the population is more satisfied with the socio-economic conditions of work and living than in other countries. In solving the problem of achieving macroeconomic stabilization in the country, the primary role belongs to the state. The state must do everything necessary to provide affordable loans for the development of production and the introduction of technological progress. This will further improve the level and quality of life of the country’s population and solve the problems of shortage of labor and specialists. Keywords: Baltic countries, macroeconomic indicators, Okun's law, population, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia.