Senosios miško pramonės objektai Pietryčių Lietuvoje

LT2017 m. autorius identifikavo 3 naujus su senąja miško pramone susijusius objektus. Tai netoli Rūdninkų kaimo (Šalčininkų r.), tarp Medininkų aukštumos PV pakraščio ir senojo lateralinio senslėnio Švenčionėliai–Vilnius– Varšuva–Berlynas, plačioje fliuvioglacialinėje zandrinėje lygumoje esančios medžio anglies degimo vietos. Siūloma šiuos objektus įtraukti į NKVR. Koordinatės nurodytos LKS94 sistemoje. Šios naujai surastos medžio anglies degimo vietos yra unikalios senosios miško pramonės liudininkės. Rūdninkų medžio anglies degimo vieta I yra didžiausias pagal sampilų kiekį ir užimamą teritoriją tokio tipo objektas Lietuvoje. Rūdninkų medžio anglies degimo vietoje II identifikuoti stambiausi sampilai, kurių skersmuo ir aukštis (arba tūris) kelis kartus viršija jau žinomų. Iš istorinių dokumentų žinoma, kad šiose apylinkėse vyko intensyvi balų rūdos gavyba ir apdirbimas. Geležies lydymas būtų neįmanomas be pastovaus ir didelio kiekio medžio anglies paruošimo. Paprastai medžio anglis buvo ruošiama netoli buvusių metalo lydymo vietų. Taigi, ateityje lieka identifikuoti buvusias balų rūdos sodrinimo ir lydymo vietas. Šios naujai surastos medžio anglies degimo vietos preliminariai datuojamos viduramžių pabaiga-naujaisiais laikais (XVI–XIX a. pradžia). [...] [p. 518, 521-522].

ENIn 2017, three new objects connected with the old forest industry were identified on the N edge of Rūdninkai Forest, i.e. charcoal production sites near Rūdninkai village (Šalčininkai district, Southeast Lithuania). All of them are between the SW edge of the Medininkai Highland and the Švenčionėliai–Vilnius–Warsaw–Berlin Urstromtal (ice-marginal streamway) on a fluvioglacial–limnoglacial sandy plain, which has a surface that is almost level or has been affected to some degree by aeolian processes. The mounds were built on the upper terrace of the River Merkys at varying distances from its edge and gentle slope, which rises only 2–4 m above the level of the river’s surface. The mounds (approximately 40) at Rūdninkai charcoal production site I are round and lie near one another (at a distance of 2–20 m). The mounds on the S-SE edge of the territory are large with a rounded top and reach a height of up to 1–1.4 m while the rest are low and flat with a flat top that is 20–60 cm high. The mounds are 8–16 m in diameter, with the majority being about 12 m. The base of each mound is surrounded by a distinct ring ditch with steep sides and discrete depressions in its bottom. All of the mounds consist of sand containing small quantities of gravel. Numerous small pieces of charcoal were revealed in those places that had been ploughed open. The archaeological territory to be protected occupies roughly 5.9 ha of forest. The large mounds (approximately 20) of Rūdninkai charcoal production site II lie fairly close to one another (at a distance of 2–20 m), only the N group and the two mounds of the W group being separated from the main concentration by 50–90 m. They frequently sit on a low ridge like elevated area and are round or oblong, up to 0.7–2 m high and roughly 8–14 m in diameter. The bigger, elongated oval mounds are up to 18–24 m long.The mounds are distinctly convex, frequently with a more or less flattened top. A large, up to 1–1.5 m deep pit had been dug into the top of each mound, the result of the last removal of the charcoal. The foot of the mounds was frequently surrounded by wide, shallow depressions. All of the mounds consist of sand containing small quantities of gravel. Clearly carbonised sand, which contained the occasional isolated small boulder, old brick fragment, or lump of iron slag, was seen in the walls of the pits in the mounds. The archaeological territory to be protected occupies roughly 5.59 ha of forest. The only mound of Rūdninkai charcoal production site III is roughly 14 m in diameter and up to 1–1.4 m high. The mound’s profile is distinctly convex with a slightly flattened top. A large, up to 1–1.4 m deep pit, which remained after the last removal of the charcoal, had been dug into its top. Wide, shallow depressions from the pits that surrounded it have survived at places at the mound’s base. The mound consists of sand, which could be seen to be clearly carbonised in the walls of the pits dug into it. The archaeological territory to be protected occupies roughly 0.315 ha of forest. The newly discovered charcoal production sites were preliminarily dated to the late middle ages modern period (16th early 19th century).